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Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) involves retrieving entities as answers from a Knowledge Graph (KG) using natural language queries. The challenge is to learn to reason over question-relevant KG facts that traverse KG entities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Costas Mavromatis , George Karypis

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) represent human-crafted factual knowledge in the form of triplets (head, relation, tail), which collectively form a graph. Question Answering over KGs (KGQA) is the task of answering natural questions grounding the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Costas Mavromatis , George Karypis

Recently, end-to-end trained models for multiple-choice commonsense question answering (QA) have delivered promising results. However, such question-answering systems cannot be directly applied in real-world scenarios where answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Zhen Han , Yue Feng , Mingming Sun

State-of-the-art approaches to reasoning and question answering over knowledge graphs (KGs) usually scale with the number of edges and can only be applied effectively on small instance-dependent subgraphs. In this paper, we address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Mattia Atzeni , Jasmina Bogojeska , Andreas Loukas

Knowledge-based visual question answering (QA) aims to answer a question which requires visually-grounded external knowledge beyond image content itself. Answering complex questions that require multi-hop reasoning under weak supervision is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Yu-Jung Heo , Eun-Sol Kim , Woo Suk Choi , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Recent progress in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has led to more accurate and interpretable multi-hop question answering (QA). Yet, challenges persist in integrating iterative reasoning steps with external knowledge retrieval. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tengjun Ni , Xin Yuan , Shenghong Li , Kai Wu , Ren Ping Liu , Wei Ni , Wenjie Zhang

Given a semi-structured knowledge base (SKB), where text documents are interconnected by relations, how can we effectively retrieve relevant information to answer user questions? Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) retrieves documents to…

Information retrieval (IR) methods for KGQA consist of two stages: subgraph extraction and answer reasoning. We argue current subgraph extraction methods underestimate the importance of structural dependencies among evidence facts. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Wentao Ding , Jinmao Li , Liangchuan Luo , Yuzhong Qu

Despite the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs), knowledge graph-based question answering (KGQA) remains essential for producing verifiable and hallucination-resistant answers in many real-world settings where answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ruijie Wang , Luca Rossetto , Michael Cochez , Abraham Bernstein

Temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) involves multi-hop reasoning over temporally constrained entity relationships in the knowledge graph to answer a given question. However, at each hop, large language models (LLMs) retrieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wuzhenghong Wen , Chao Xue , Su Pan , Yuwei Sun , Minlong Peng

Large language models (LLMs) still struggle with multi-hop reasoning over knowledge-graphs (KGs), and we identify a previously overlooked structural reason for this difficulty: Transformer attention heads naturally specialize in distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jinliang Liu , Jiale Bai , Shaoning Zeng

The integration of knowledge graphs (KGs) with large language models (LLMs) offers significant potential to improve the retrieval phase of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. In this study, we propose KG-CQR, a novel framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chi Minh Bui , Ngoc Mai Thieu , Van Vinh Nguyen , Jason J. Jung , Khac-Hoai Nam Bui

Embedding-based methods are popular for Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA), but few current models have numerical reasoning skills and thus struggle to answer ordinal constrained questions. This paper proposes a new embedding-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Yu Feng , Jing Zhang , Xiaokang Zhang , Lemao Liu , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external data, with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offering crucial information for question answering. Traditional Knowledge Graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Yushi Sun , Kai Sun , Yifan Ethan Xu , Xiao Yang , Xin Luna Dong , Nan Tang , Lei Chen

Relation detection is a core component for Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA). In this paper, we propose a KB relation detection model via multi-view matching which utilizes more useful information extracted from question and KB. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Yang Yu , Kazi Saidul Hasan , Mo Yu , Wei Zhang , Zhiguo Wang

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) has largely focused on entity-centric queries that return a single answer entity. However, many real-world questions are inherently relational, aiming to understand how entities are associated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yinxu Tang , Chengsong Huang , Jiaxin Huang , William Yeoh

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive natural language capabilities but often struggle with knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks. Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA), which leverages structured Knowledge Graphs (KGs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shuai Wang , Yinan Yu

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) aims to answer natural language questions using structured knowledge from KBs. While LLM-only approaches offer generalization, they suffer from outdated knowledge, hallucinations, and lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yihua Zhu , Qianying Liu , Akiko Aizawa , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on knowledge graphs for factual reasoning, yet how retrieval design shapes their performance remains unclear. We examine how question decomposition changes the retrieved subgraph's content and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Valentin Six , Evan Dufraisse , Gaël de Chalendar

Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) involves answering natural language questions by leveraging structured information stored in a knowledge graph. Typically, KGQA initially retrieve a targeted subgraph from a large-scale knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yu Zhang , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , zhao kang , Quanjiang Guo , Min Zhang