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Related papers: Irreducible magic sets for $n$-qubit systems

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In quantum secret sharing, a quantum secret state is mapped to multiple shares such that shares from qualified sets can recover the secret state and shares from other forbidden sets reveal nothing about the secret state; we study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Hua Sun

Quantum Fourier analysis is an important topic in mathematical physics. We introduce a systematic protocol for testing and measuring ``magic'' in quantum states and gates, using a quantum Fourier approach. Magic, as a quantum resource, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Kaifeng Bu , Weichen Gu , Arthur Jaffe

To date all self-tests for high dimensional systems are confined to many-qubit states. This is due to two restrictions in the literature: the standard techniques for proving self-testing results apply only to qubits, and there are few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-18 Matthew McKague

Quantum theory promises computational speed-ups over classical approaches. The celebrated Gottesman-Knill Theorem implies that the full power of quantum computation resides in the specific resource of "magic" states -- the secret sauce to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Xingjian Zhang , Zhaokai Pan , Guoding Liu

A magic square of order n is an nxn square (matrix) whose entries are distinct nonnegative integers such that the sum of the numbers of any row and column is the same number, the magic constant. In this paper we introduce the concept of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-10-05 Giuliano G. La Guardia , Ana Lucia Pereira Baccon

The nonstabilizerness of quantum states is a necessary resource for universal quantum computation, yet its characterization is notoriously demanding. Quantifying nonstabilizerness typically requires an exponential number of measurements and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 J. M. Varela , L. L. Keller , A. de Oliveira Junior , D. A. Moreira , R. Chaves , R. A. Macêdo

In quantum information, complementarity of quantum mechanical observables plays a key role. If a system resides in an eigenstate of an observable, the probability distribution for the values of a complementary observable is flat. The…

Recent results show that Kochen-Specker (KS) sets of observables are fundamental to quantum information, computation, and foundations beyond previous expectations. Among KS sets, those that are unique up to unitary transformations (i.e.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Stefan Trandafir , Adán Cabello

We conjecture analytic expressions for the non-local magic of bipartite pure qudit states of prime local dimension. Our construction relies on the Schmidt-aligned state attaining the minimum over local unitaries, a hypothesis that we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Giorgio Busoni , John Gargalionis , Ewan N. V. Wallace , Martin J. White

In order to assess whether quantum resources can provide an advantage over classical computation, it is necessary to characterize and benchmark the non-classical properties of quantum algorithms in a practical manner. In this paper, we show…

Given a set $P$ of $n$ points in the plane, its separability is the minimum number of lines needed to separate all its pairs of points from each other. We show that the minimum number of lines needed to separate $n$ points, picked randomly…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-06-08 Sariel Har-Peled , Mitchell Jones

In an ordinary quantum algorithm the gates are applied in a fixed order on the systems. The introduction of indefinite causal structures allows to relax this constraint and control the order of the gates with an additional quantum state. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Martin J. Renner , Časlav Brukner

Just as any state of a single qubit or 2-level system can be obtained from any other state by a rotation operator parametrized by three real Euler angles, we show how any state of an n-qubit or 2^n-level system can be obtained from any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 W. E. Baylis , R. Cabrera , C. Rangan

The existence of GHZ contradictions in many-qutrit systems was a long-standing theoretical question until it's (affirmative) resolution in 2013. To enable experimental tests, we derive Mermin inequalities from concurrent observable sets…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-31 Jay Lawrence

We prove an explicit upper bound on the amount of entanglement required by any strategy in a two-player cooperative game with classical questions and quantum answers. Specifically, we show that every strategy for a game with n-bit questions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-03 Gus Gutoski

As the fundamental tool in quantum information science, the uncertainty principle is essential for manifesting nonclassical properties of quantum systems. Plenty of efforts on the uncertainty principle with two observables have been…

In how many ways can $n$ queens be placed on an $n \times n$ chessboard so that no two queens attack each other? This is the famous $n$-queens problem. Let $Q(n)$ denote the number of such configurations, and let $T(n)$ be the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Zur Luria

In the Hilbert space of n qubits, we introduce the symplectic space (n odd) and the orthogonal space (n even) via the spin-flip operator. Under this mathematical structure we discuss some properties of n qubits, including homomorphically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-16 Jian-Wei Xu

Magic describes the distance of a quantum state to its closest stabilizer state. It is -- like entanglement -- a necessary resource for a potential quantum advantage over classical computing. We study magic, quantified by stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Gerald E. Fux , Emanuele Tirrito , Marcello Dalmonte , Rosario Fazio

We give a variety of magic hexagons of Orders from 3 to 7, many of which are extensions of known results. We also give a theorem that their are an infinite number of magic hexagons of Order $n$ for any fixed positive integer $n$ for any…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-08-18 Geoffrey B. Campbell