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The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is substantially influenced by the pretraining corpus, which consists of vast quantities of unsupervised data processed by the models. Despite its critical role in model performance, ensuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Ranchi Zhao , Zhen Leng Thai , Yifan Zhang , Shengding Hu , Yunqi Ba , Jie Zhou , Jie Cai , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The accuracy of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is crucial to the success of subsequent applications used in text analyzing pipeline. Recent models of OCR post-processing significantly improve the quality of OCR-generated text, but are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Jie Mei , Aminul Islam , Yajing Wu , Abidalrahman Moh'd , Evangelos E. Milios

We present OnPrem$.$LLM, a Python-based toolkit for applying large language models (LLMs) to sensitive, non-public data in offline or restricted environments. The system is designed for privacy-preserving use cases and provides prebuilt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Arun S. Maiya

Many real-world applications involve the use of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engines to transform handwritten images into transcripts on which downstream Natural Language Processing (NLP) models are applied. In this process, OCR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Guowei Xu , Wenbiao Ding , Weiping Fu , Zhongqin Wu , Zitao Liu

This paper presents an ontology-aware pretrained language model (OPAL) for end-to-end task-oriented dialogue (TOD). Unlike chit-chat dialogue models, task-oriented dialogue models fulfill at least two task-specific modules: dialogue state…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Zhi Chen , Yuncong Liu , Lu Chen , Su Zhu , Mengyue Wu , Kai Yu

In-context learning with large language models (LLMs) excels at adapting to various tasks rapidly. However, its success hinges on carefully selecting demonstrations, which remains an obstacle in practice. Current approaches to this problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Shangqing Xu , Chao Zhang

Abundant data is the key to successful machine learning. However, supervised learning requires annotated data that are often hard to obtain. In a classification task with limited resources, Active Learning (AL) promises to guide annotators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Markus Borg , Iben Lennerstad , Rasmus Ros , Elizabeth Bjarnason

Large Language Models (LLMs) serve as repositories of extensive world knowledge, enabling them to perform tasks such as question-answering and fact-checking. However, this knowledge can become obsolete as global contexts change. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yuhao Wu , Tongjun Shi , Karthick Sharma , Chun Wei Seah , Shuhao Zhang

Image Transformer has recently achieved significant progress for natural image understanding, either using supervised (ViT, DeiT, etc.) or self-supervised (BEiT, MAE, etc.) pre-training techniques. In this paper, we propose \textbf{DiT}, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Junlong Li , Yiheng Xu , Tengchao Lv , Lei Cui , Cha Zhang , Furu Wei

Large language models (LMs) are currently trained to predict tokens given document prefixes, enabling them to directly perform long-form generation and prompting-style tasks which can be reduced to document completion. Existing pretraining…

Incremental Learning (IL) is an interesting AI problem when the algorithm is assumed to work on a budget. This is especially true when IL is modeled using a deep learning approach, where two com- plex challenges arise due to limited memory,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Eden Belouadah , Adrian Popescu

The increasing adoption of web crawling opt-outs by copyright holders of online content raises critical questions about the impact of data compliance on large language model (LLM) performance. However, little is known about how these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Dongyang Fan , Vinko Sabolčec , Matin Ansaripour , Ayush Kumar Tarun , Martin Jaggi , Antoine Bosselut , Imanol Schlag

Large language models (LLMs) learn a vast amount of knowledge during pretraining, but they are often oblivious to the source(s) of such knowledge. We investigate the problem of intrinsic source citation, where LLMs are required to cite the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Muhammad Khalifa , David Wadden , Emma Strubell , Honglak Lee , Lu Wang , Iz Beltagy , Hao Peng

In the context of text classification, the financial burden of annotation exercises for creating training data is a critical issue. Active learning techniques, particularly those rooted in uncertainty sampling, offer a cost-effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Hamidreza Rouzegar , Masoud Makrehchi

There has been recent interest in improving optical character recognition (OCR) for endangered languages, particularly because a large number of documents and books in these languages are not in machine-readable formats. The performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Shruti Rijhwani , Daisy Rosenblum , Michayla King , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Graham Neubig

Incorporating metadata in Large Language Models (LLMs) pretraining has recently emerged as a promising approach to accelerate training. However prior work highlighted only one useful signal-URLs, leaving open the question of whether other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dongyang Fan , Diba Hashemi , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy , Martin Jaggi

Document images often have intricate layout structures, with numerous content regions (e.g. texts, figures, tables) densely arranged on each page. This makes the manual annotation of layout datasets expensive and inefficient. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Zejiang Shen , Jian Zhao , Melissa Dell , Yaoliang Yu , Weining Li

The performance of a large language model (LLM) depends heavily on the quality and size of its pretraining dataset. However, the pretraining datasets for state-of-the-art open LLMs like Llama 3 and Mixtral are not publicly available and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Guilherme Penedo , Hynek Kydlíček , Loubna Ben allal , Anton Lozhkov , Margaret Mitchell , Colin Raffel , Leandro Von Werra , Thomas Wolf

Iterating with new and improved OCR solutions enforces decision making when it comes to targeting the right candidates for reprocessing. This especially applies when the underlying data collection is of considerable size and rather diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Pit Schneider , Yves Maurer

The originality of this publication is to look at the subject of IDP (Intelligent Document Processing) from the perspective of an end-user and industrialist and not that of a Computer Science researcher. This domain is one part of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Graham A. Cutting , Anne-Francoise Cutting-Decelle