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Evaluating autonomous driving systems in complex and diverse traffic scenarios through controllable simulation is essential to ensure their safety and reliability. However, existing traffic simulation methods face challenges in their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zhiyuan Liu , Leheng Li , Yuning Wang , Haotian Lin , Hao Cheng , Zhizhe Liu , Lei He , Jianqiang Wang

Due to the ever-increasing popularity of ride-hailing services and the indisputable shift towards alternative fuel vehicles, the intersection of the ride-hailing market and smart electric mobility provides an opportunity to trade different…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-26 Marko Maljkovic , Gustav Nilsson , Nikolas Geroliminis

This paper proposes a comprehensive hierarchical control framework for autonomous decision-making arising in robotics and autonomous systems. In a typical hierarchical control architecture, high-level decision making is often characterised…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-21 Xue-Fang Wang , Jingjing Jiang , Wen-Hua Chen

Nonlinear optimal control problems are often solved with numerical methods that require knowledge of system's dynamics which may be difficult to infer, and that carry a large computational cost associated with iterative calculations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Ekaterina Abramova , Luke Dickens , Daniel Kuhn , Aldo Faisal

This paper focuses on the design of hierarchical control architectures for autonomous systems with energy constraints. We focus on systems where energy storage limitations and slow recharge rates drastically affect the way the autonomous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Charlott Vallon , Mark Pustilnik , Alessandro Pinto , Francesco Borrelli

Over the years, reinforcement learning has emerged as a popular approach to develop signal control and vehicle platooning strategies either independently or in a hierarchical way. However, jointly controlling both in real-time to alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Xianyue Peng , Shenyang Chen , Hang Gao , Hao Wang , H. Michael Zhang

This paper investigates how end-to-end driving models can be improved to drive more accurately and human-like. To tackle the first issue we exploit semantic and visual maps from HERE Technologies and augment the existing Drive360 dataset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Simon Hecker , Dengxin Dai , Alexander Liniger , Luc Van Gool

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is commonly considered to suffer from non-stationary environments and exponentially increasing policy space. It would be even more challenging when rewards are sparse and delayed over long…

Hierarchical reinforcement learning has been a compelling approach for achieving goal directed behavior over long sequences of actions. However, it has been challenging to implement in realistic or open-ended environments. A main challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Arun Ahuja , Kavya Kopparapu , Rob Fergus , Ishita Dasgupta

In this paper we present the first safe system for full control of self-driving vehicles trained from human demonstrations and deployed in challenging, real-world, urban environments. Current industry-standard solutions use rule-based…

In this work, we propose a novel shared autonomy framework to operate articulated robots. We provide strategies to design both the task-oriented hierarchical planning and policy shaping algorithms for efficient human-robot interactions in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Ehsan Yousefi , Mo Chen , Inna Sharf

Autonomous race cars require perception, estimation, planning, and control modules which work together asynchronously while driving at the limit of a vehicle's handling capability. A fundamental challenge encountered in designing these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Achin Jain , Matthew O'Kelly , Pratik Chaudhari , Manfred Morari

Developing Large Language Models (LLMs) to cooperate and compete effectively within multi-agent systems (MASs) is a critical step towards more advanced intelligence. While reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective for enhancing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Zheyue Tan , Xiangmin Yi , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long , Haojia Hui , Boxun Li , Xinlei Chen , Bo Zhao , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

High-speed, head-to-head autonomous racing presents substantial technical and logistical challenges, including precise localization, rapid perception, dynamic planning, and real-time control-compounded by limited track access and costly…

In this paper, we propose a navigation algorithm oriented to multi-agent environment. This algorithm is expressed as a hierarchical framework that contains a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) structure. For…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Wenhao Ding , Shuaijun Li , Huihuan Qian

Adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) is essential for mitigating urban congestion in modern smart cities, where traffic infrastructure is evolving into interconnected Web-of-Things (WoT) environments with thousands of sensing-and-control…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yaqiao Zhu , Hongkai Wen , Geyong Min , Man Luo

In this paper, we perform safety and performance analysis of an autonomous vehicle that implements reactive planner and controller for navigating a race lap. Unlike traditional planning algorithms that have access to a map of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Abolfazl Karimi , Manish Goyal , Parasara Sridhar Duggirala

We propose a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning framework for quadruped locomotion over challenging terrain. Our approach incorporates a two-layer hierarchy in which a high-level policy (HLP) selects optimal goals for a low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Jeremiah Coholich , Muhammad Ali Murtaza , Seth Hutchinson , Zsolt Kira

Shared control allows the human driver to collaborate with an assistive driving system while retaining the ability to make decisions and take control if necessary. However, human-vehicle teaming and planning are challenging due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

While autonomous racing performance in Time-Trial scenarios has seen significant progress and development, autonomous wheel-to-wheel racing and overtaking are still severely limited. These limitations are particularly apparent in real-life…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Emily Steiner , Daniel van der Spuy , Futian Zhou , Afereti Pama , Minas Liarokapis , Henry Williams