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Variational autoencoders (VAEs) have been used extensively to discover low-dimensional latent factors governing neural activity and animal behavior. However, without careful model selection, the uncovered latent factors may reflect noise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Julia Huiming Wang , Dexter Tsin , Tatiana Engel

Recent multi-modal audio-language models (ALMs) excel at text-audio retrieval but struggle with frame-wise audio understanding. Prior works use temporal-aware labels or unsupervised training to improve frame-wise capabilities, but they…

Recent audio generation models typically rely on Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) and perform generation within the VAE latent space. Although VAEs excel at compression and reconstruction, their latents inherently encode low-level acoustic…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zeyu Xie , Chenxing Li , Qiao Jin , Xuenan Xu , Guanrou Yang , Wenfu Wang , Mengyue Wu , Dong Yu , Yuexian Zou

Spatio-temporal compression of videos, utilizing networks such as Variational Autoencoders (VAE), plays a crucial role in OpenAI's SORA and numerous other video generative models. For instance, many LLM-like video models learn the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Sijie Zhao , Yong Zhang , Xiaodong Cun , Shaoshu Yang , Muyao Niu , Xiaoyu Li , Wenbo Hu , Ying Shan

Recent advancements in learning Discrete Representations as opposed to continuous ones have led to state of art results in tasks that involve Language, Audio and Vision. Some latent factors such as words, phonemes and shapes are better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Iordanis Fostiropoulos

In this paper, we are interested in audio-visual speech separation given a single-channel audio recording as well as visual information (lips movements) associated with each speaker. We propose an unsupervised technique based on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-01 Viet-Nhat Nguyen , Mostafa Sadeghi , Elisa Ricci , Xavier Alameda-Pineda

Large language models have demonstrated impressive performance when integrated with vision models even enabling video understanding. However, evaluating video models presents its own unique challenges, for which several benchmarks have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Daniel Cores , Michael Dorkenwald , Manuel Mucientes , Cees G. M. Snoek , Yuki M. Asano

Variational autoencoders~(VAEs) have shown a promise in data-driven conversation modeling. However, most VAE conversation models match the approximate posterior distribution over the latent variables to a simple prior such as standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Xiaodong Gu , Kyunghyun Cho , Jung-Woo Ha , Sunghun Kim

In recent years, pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in achieving an inference-time few-shot learning capability known as in-context learning. However, existing literature has highlighted the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xinyi Wang , Wanrong Zhu , Michael Saxon , Mark Steyvers , William Yang Wang

Recently, audio-visual speech enhancement has been tackled in the unsupervised settings based on variational auto-encoders (VAEs), where during training only clean data is used to train a generative model for speech, which at test time is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-09 Mostafa Sadeghi , Xavier Alameda-Pineda

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate classification tasks in business, such as analyzing customer satisfaction from text. However, the inherent stochasticity of LLMs can create measurement error when the outcome is…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-24 Yichi Zhang , Ignacio Martinez

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) rely heavily on the compressed latent space provided by Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) for high-quality image generation. Recent studies have attempted to obtain generation-friendly VAEs by directly adopting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 John Page , Xuesong Niu , Kai Wu , Kun Gai

The human brain contextually exploits heterogeneous sensory information to efficiently perform cognitive tasks including vision and hearing. For example, during the cocktail party situation, the human auditory cortex contextually integrates…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Mandar Gogate , Kia Dashtipour , Amir Hussain

Leveraging the fact that speaker identity and content vary on different time scales, \acrlong{fhvae} (\acrshort{fhvae}) uses different latent variables to symbolize these two attributes. Disentanglement of these attributes is carried out by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-16 Yuying Xie , Thomas Arildsen , Zheng-Hua Tan

Millions of people worldwide rely on alternative and augmentative communication devices to communicate. Visual scene displays (VSDs) can enhance communication for these individuals by embedding communication options within contextualized…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Cynthia Zastudil , Christine Holyfield , Christine Kapp , Xandria Crosland , Elizabeth Lorah , Tara Zimmerman , Stephen MacNeil

Time-varying linear state-space models are powerful tools for obtaining mathematically interpretable representations of neural signals. For example, switching and decomposed models describe complex systems using latent variables that evolve…

Language models (LMs) for text data have been studied extensively for their usefulness in language generation and other downstream tasks. However, language modelling purely in the speech domain is still a relatively unexplored topic, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Anurag Katakkar , Alan W Black

Data scarcity is one of the main obstacles of domain adaptation in spoken language understanding (SLU) due to the high cost of creating manually tagged SLU datasets. Recent works in neural text generative models, particularly latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Kang Min Yoo , Youhyun Shin , Sang-goo Lee

The popular success of text-based large language models (LLM) has streamlined the attention of the multimodal community to combine other modalities like vision and audio along with text to achieve similar multimodal capabilities. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Debarpan Bhattacharya , Apoorva Kulkarni , Sriram Ganapathy

Sequential data often possesses a hierarchical structure with complex dependencies between subsequences, such as found between the utterances in a dialogue. In an effort to model this kind of generative process, we propose a neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-15 Iulian Vlad Serban , Alessandro Sordoni , Ryan Lowe , Laurent Charlin , Joelle Pineau , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio