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Feature attribution explains neural network outputs by identifying relevant input features. The attribution has to be faithful, meaning that the attributed features must mirror the input features that influence the output. One recent trend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yang Zhang , Yawei Li , Hannah Brown , Mina Rezaei , Bernd Bischl , Philip Torr , Ashkan Khakzar , Kenji Kawaguchi

Attributions are a common local explanation technique for deep learning models on single samples as they are easily extractable and demonstrate the relevance of input values. In many cases, heatmaps visualize such attributions for samples,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Udo Schlegel , Daniel A. Keim

Numerous works propose post-hoc, model-agnostic explanations for learning to rank, focusing on ordering entities by their relevance to a query through feature attribution methods. However, these attributions often weakly correlate or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Tanya Chowdhury , Yair Zick , James Allan

While large text-to-image models are able to synthesize "novel" images, these images are necessarily a reflection of the training data. The problem of data attribution in such models -- which of the images in the training set are most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Sheng-Yu Wang , Alexei A. Efros , Jun-Yan Zhu , Richard Zhang

Attribution methods reveal which input features a neural network uses for a prediction, adding transparency to their decisions. A common problem is that these attributions seem unspecific, highlighting both important and irrelevant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Nils Philipp Walter , Jilles Vreeken , Jonas Fischer

We present a method for neural network interpretability by combining feature attribution with counterfactual explanations to generate attribution maps that highlight the most discriminative features between pairs of classes. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Nils Eckstein , Alexander S. Bates , Gregory S. X. E. Jefferis , Jan Funke

The deployment of Machine Learning models intraoperatively for tissue characterisation can assist decision making and guide safe tumour resections. For image classification models, pixel attribution methods are popular to infer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Alfie Roddan , Chi Xu , Serine Ajlouni , Irini Kakaletri , Patra Charalampaki , Stamatia Giannarou

Attribution-based explanations are garnering increasing attention recently and have emerged as the predominant approach towards \textit{eXplanable Artificial Intelligence}~(XAI). However, the absence of consistent configurations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiarui Duan , Haoling Li , Haofei Zhang , Hao Jiang , Mengqi Xue , Li Sun , Mingli Song , Jie Song

This paper studies the robustness of feature attribution methods for deep neural networks. It challenges the current notion of attributional robustness that largely ignores the difference in the model's outputs and introduces a new way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Panagiota Kiourti , Anu Singh , Preeti Duraipandian , Weichao Zhou , Wenchao Li

Image super-resolution (SR) techniques have been developing rapidly, benefiting from the invention of deep networks and its successive breakthroughs. However, it is acknowledged that deep learning and deep neural networks are difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Jinjin Gu , Chao Dong

Shapley value is a popular approach for measuring the influence of individual features. While Shapley feature attribution is built upon desiderata from game theory, some of its constraints may be less natural in certain machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Yongchan Kwon , James Zou

Marketers employ various online advertising channels to reach customers, and they are particularly interested in attribution for measuring the degree to which individual touchpoints contribute to an eventual conversion. The availability of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-14 Jun Tao , Qian Chen , James W. Snyder , Arava Sai Kumar , Amirhossein Meisami , Lingzhou Xue

Machine and deep learning have grown in popularity and use in biological research over the last decade but still present challenges in interpretability of the fitted model. The development and use of metrics to determine features driving…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-31 Daniel Claborne , Javier Flores , Samantha Erwin , Luke Durell , Rachel Richardson , Ruby Fore , Lisa Bramer

Attribution methods have been developed to understand the decision-making process of machine learning models, especially deep neural networks, by assigning importance scores to individual features. Existing attribution methods often built…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-14 Huiqi Deng , Na Zou , Mengnan Du , Weifu Chen , Guocan Feng , Xia Hu

In recent years, neural networks have demonstrated their remarkable ability to discern intricate patterns and relationships from raw data. However, understanding the inner workings of these black box models remains challenging, yet crucial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-18 Niklas Koenen , Marvin N. Wright

In this paper, we address the problem of landmark-based visual place recognition. In the state-of-the-art method, accurate object proposal algorithms are first leveraged for generating a set of local regions containing particular landmarks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Bo Yang , Jun Li , Xiaosu Xu , Hong Zhang

Automatic attribute discovery methods have gained in popularity to extract sets of visual attributes from images or videos for various tasks. Despite their good performance in some classification tasks, it is difficult to evaluate whether…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Liangchen Liu , Arnold Wiliem , Shaokang Chen , Brian C. Lovell

The rapid advancement of generative AI has enabled the creation of highly realistic and diverse synthetic images, posing critical challenges for image provenance and misinformation detection. This underscores the urgent need for effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tingshu Mou , Zhipeng Wei , Chao Gong , Jingjing Chen , Xingjun Ma

Existing feature attribution methods like SHAP often suffer from global dependence, failing to capture true local model behavior. This paper introduces VARSHAP, a novel model-agnostic local feature attribution method which uses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mateusz Gajewski , Mikołaj Morzy , Adam Karczmarz , Piotr Sankowski

Neural networks have shown remarkable performance in computer vision, but their deployment in numerous scientific and technical fields is challenging due to their black-box nature. Scientists and practitioners need to evaluate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Gabriel Kasmi , Laurent Dubus , Yves-Marie Saint Drenan , Philippe Blanc