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We develop a framework for analyzing the training and learning rate dynamics on a large class of high-dimensional optimization problems, which we call the high line, trained using one-pass stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with adaptive…

This paper investigates to what extent one can improve reinforcement learning algorithms. Our study is split in three parts. First, our analysis shows that the classical asymptotic convergence rate $O(1/\sqrt{N})$ is pessimistic and can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Othmane Mounjid , Charles-Albert Lehalle

The classical Kaczmarz iteration and its randomized variants are popular tools for fast inversion of linear overdetermined systems. This method extends naturally to the setting of the phase retrieval problem via substituting at each…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-07-25 Halyun Jeong , C. Sinan Güntürk

In deep Reinforcement Learning (RL), the learning rate critically influences both stability and performance, yet its optimal value shifts during training as the environment and policy evolve. Standard decay schedulers assume monotonic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Henrique Donâncio , Antoine Barrier , Leah F. South , Florence Forbes

We develop a stochastic approximation version of the classical Kaczmarz algorithm that is incremental in nature and takes as input noisy real time data. Our analysis shows that with probability one it mimics the behavior of the original…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-04-29 Gugan Thoppe , Vivek S. Borkar , D. Manjunath

For solving large consistent linear systems by iteration methods, inspired by the maximum residual Kaczmarz method and the randomized block Kaczmarz method, we propose the maximum residual block Kaczmarz method, which is designed to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Wen-Ning Sun , Mei Qin

In this paper we estimate the expected error of a stochastic approximation algorithm where the maximum of a function is found using finite differences of a stochastic representation of that function. An error estimate of $O(n^{-1/5})$ for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-02 Miklos Rasonyi , Kinga Tikosi

Randomized block Kaczmraz method plays an important role in solving large-scale linear system. One of the key points of this type of methods is how to effectively select working rows. However, in most of the state-of-the-art randomized…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-04 Gang Wu , Qiao Chang

Due to the scarcity of high-quality data, large language models (LLMs) are often trained on mixtures of data with varying quality levels, even after sophisticated data curation. A natural approach to better leverage high-quality data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kairong Luo , Zhenbo Sun , Haodong Wen , Xinyu Shi , Jiarui Cui , Chenyi Dang , Kaifeng Lyu , Wenguang Chen

Randomized Kaczmarz methods form a family of linear system solvers which converge by repeatedly projecting their iterates onto randomly sampled equations. While effective in some contexts, such as highly over-determined least squares,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Michał Dereziński , Deanna Needell , Elizaveta Rebrova , Jiaming Yang

We consider the sample complexity of learning with adversarial robustness. Most prior theoretical results for this problem have considered a setting where different classes in the data are close together or overlapping. Motivated by some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Robi Bhattacharjee , Somesh Jha , Kamalika Chaudhuri

In this paper, we analyze the convergence behavior of the randomized extended Kaczmarz (REK) method for all types of linear systems (consistent or inconsistent, overdetermined or underdetermined, full-rank or rank-deficient). The analysis…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-12 Yanjun Zhang , Hanyu Li

$Q$-learning is one of the most fundamental reinforcement learning algorithms. It is widely believed that $Q$-learning with linear function approximation (i.e., linear $Q$-learning) suffers from possible divergence until the recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xinyu Liu , Zixuan Xie , Shangtong Zhang

We investigate the randomized Kaczmarz method that adaptively updates the stepsize using readily available information for solving inconsistent linear systems. A novel geometric interpretation is provided which shows that the proposed…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-17 Yun Zeng , Deren Han , Yansheng Su , Jiaxin Xie

Solving linear systems of equations is a fundamental problem with a wide variety of applications across many fields of science, and there is increasing effort to develop quantum linear solver algorithms. [Suba\c{s}i et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 David Jennings , Matteo Lostaglio , Sam Pallister , Andrew T Sornborger , Yiğit Subaşı

Linear TD($\lambda$) is one of the most fundamental reinforcement learning algorithms for policy evaluation. Previously, convergence rates are typically established under the assumption of linearly independent features, which does not hold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Zixuan Xie , Xinyu Liu , Rohan Chandra , Shangtong Zhang

This paper investigates the convergence of the randomized Kaczmarz algorithm for the problem of phase retrieval of complex-valued objects. While this algorithm has been studied for the real-valued case}, its generalization to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Teng Zhang , Feng Yu

We introduce a technique for tuning the learning rate scale factor of any base optimization algorithm and schedule automatically, which we call \textsc{mechanic}. Our method provides a practical realization of recent theoretical reductions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Ashok Cutkosky , Aaron Defazio , Harsh Mehta

We establish an improved classical algorithm for solving linear systems in a model analogous to the QRAM that is used by quantum linear solvers. Precisely, for the linear system $A\x = \b$, we show that there is a classical algorithm that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Changpeng Shao , Ashley Montanaro

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) offer a versatile architecture for unsupervised machine learning that can in principle approximate any target probability distribution with arbitrary accuracy. However, the RBM model is usually not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Lennart Dabelow , Masahito Ueda