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We introduce a reinforcement learning (RL) environment to design and benchmark control strategies aimed at reducing drag in turbulent fluid flows enclosed in a channel. The environment provides a framework for computationally-efficient,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-09 L. Guastoni , J. Rabault , P. Schlatter , H. Azizpour , R. Vinuesa

A long-standing goal in AI is to develop agents capable of solving diverse tasks across a range of environments, including those never seen during training. Two dominant paradigms address this challenge: (i) reinforcement learning (RL),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Vlad Sobal , Wancong Zhang , Kyunghyun Cho , Randall Balestriero , Tim G. J. Rudner , Yann LeCun

Traffic control optimization is a challenging task for various traffic centers around the world and the majority of existing approaches focus only on developing adaptive methods under normal (recurrent) traffic conditions. Optimizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Tuo Mao , Adriana-Simona Mihaita , Fang Chen , Hai L. Vu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a key approach for enhancing reasoning in large language models (LLMs), yet scalable training is often hindered by the rapid collapse of policy entropy, which leads to premature convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ming Lei , Christophe Baehr

We propose a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) approach for noisy time-dependent gate optimization with improved sample complexity over model-free RL. Sample complexity is the number of controller interactions with the physical…

This paper presents a safe learning-based eco-driving framework tailored for mixed traffic flows, which aims to optimize energy efficiency while guaranteeing safety during real-system operations. Even though reinforcement learning (RL) is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Ke Lu , Dongjun Li , Qun Wang , Kaidi Yang , Lin Zhao , Ziyou Song

Reinforcement learning (RL) is currently one of the most prominent methods for optimizing dynamical systems, with breakthrough results across various fields. The framework is based on the concept of a Markov decision process (MDP), leading…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Rene Carmona , Mathieu Lauriere

Reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) each offer distinct advantages and limitations when applied to control problems in power and energy systems. Despite various studies on these methods, benchmarks remain lacking…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-23 Mohamad Fares El Hajj Chehade , Young-ho Cho , Sandeep Chinchali , Hao Zhu

We advance Machine Learning Control (MLC), a recently proposed model-free control framework which explores and exploits strongly nonlinear dynamics in an unsupervised manner. The assumed plant has multiple actuators and sensors and its…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-05-02 Ruiying Li , Bernd R. Noack , Laurent Cordier , Jacques Borée , Eurika Kaiser , Fabien Harambat

In the Bayesian Reinforcement Learning (BRL) setting, agents try to maximise the collected rewards while interacting with their environment while using some prior knowledge that is accessed beforehand. Many BRL algorithms have already been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Michael Castronovo , Damien Ernst , Adrien Couetoux , Raphael Fonteneau

Learning-based control approaches like reinforcement learning (RL) have recently produced a slew of impressive results for tasks like quadrotor trajectory tracking and drone racing. Naturally, it is common to demonstrate the advantages of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Pratik Kunapuli , Jake Welde , Dinesh Jayaraman , Vijay Kumar

Diffusion models and flow matching have become a cornerstone of robotic imitation learning, yet they suffer from a structural inefficiency where inference is often bound to a fixed integration schedule that is agnostic to state complexity.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zunzhe Zhang , Runhan Huang , Yicheng Liu , Shaoting Zhu , Linzhan Mou , Hang Zhao

We develop neural-network active flow controllers using a deep learning PDE augmentation method (DPM). The sensitivities for optimization are computed using adjoints of the governing equations without restriction on the terms that may…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-07-20 Xuemin Liu , Jonathan F. MacArt

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful framework for sequential decision-making in dynamic environments, particularly when system parameters are unknown. This paper investigates RL-based control for entropy-regularized…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Gabriel Diaz , Lucky Li , Wenhao Zhang

Recent progress in large-scale flow and diffusion models raised two fundamental algorithmic challenges: (i) control-based reward adaptation of pre-trained flows, and (ii) integration of multiple models, i.e., flow merging. While current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Riccardo De Santi , Malte Franke , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Andreas Krause

We present a data-driven numerical approach for on-the-fly active flow control and demonstrate its effectiveness for drag reduction in two-dimensional incompressible flow past a cylinder. The method is based on flow map learning (FML), a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Xinyu Liu , Qifan Chen , Dongbin Xiu

Generative control policies have recently unlocked major progress in robotics. These methods produce action sequences via diffusion or flow matching, with training data provided by demonstrations. But existing methods come with two key…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Vince Kurtz , Joel W. Burdick

We propose ReinFlow, a simple yet effective online reinforcement learning (RL) framework that fine-tunes a family of flow matching policies for continuous robotic control. Derived from rigorous RL theory, ReinFlow injects learnable noise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tonghe Zhang , Chao Yu , Sichang Su , Yu Wang

Modern reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have found success by using powerful probabilistic models, such as transformers, energy-based models, and diffusion/flow-based models. To this end, RL researchers often choose to pay the price…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Raj Ghugare , Benjamin Eysenbach

Due to the high efficiency and less weather dependency, autonomous greenhouses provide an ideal solution to meet the increasing demand for fresh food. However, managers are faced with some challenges in finding appropriate control…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Wanpeng Zhang , Xiaoyan Cao , Yao Yao , Zhicheng An , Xi Xiao , Dijun Luo