Related papers: Compositional Model Checking of Consensus Protocol…
Compositional verification algorithms are well-studied in the context of model checking. Properly selecting components for verification is important for efficiency, yet has received comparatively less attention. In this paper, we address…
TLA+ is a specification language based on standard set theory and temporal logic that has constructs for hierarchical proofs. We describe how to write TLA+ proofs and check them with TLAPS, the TLA+ Proof System. We use Peterson's mutual…
Simulation-based compositional abstraction effectively mitigates state space explosion in model checking, particularly for timed systems. However, existing approaches do not support broadcast synchronization, an important mechanism for…
TLA+ is a formal specification language used for designing, modeling, documenting, and verifying systems through model checking. Despite significant interest from the research community, knowledge about usage of the TLA+ ecosystem in…
TLA+ is a formal language for specifying systems, including distributed algorithms, that is supported by powerful verification tools. In this work we present a framework for relating traces of distributed programs to high-level…
The main aim of this report is to provide an introductory tutorial on the Abstract State Machines (ASM) specification method for software engineering to an audience already familiar with the Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA$^+$) method. The…
Consensus protocols are crucial for reliable distributed systems as they let them cope with network and server failures. For decades, most consensus protocols have been designed as variations of the seminal Paxos, yet in 2014 Raft was…
Paxos is an important algorithm for a set of distributed processes to agree on a single value or a sequence of values, for which it is called Basic Paxos or Multi-Paxos, respectively. Consensus is critical when distributed services are…
A fundamental characteristic of audio is its compositional nature. Audio-language models (ALMs) trained using a contrastive approach (e.g., CLAP) that learns a shared representation between audio and language modalities have improved…
High assurance of information-flow security (IFS) for concurrent systems is challenging. A promising way for formal verification of concurrent systems is the rely-guarantee method. However, existing compositional reasoning approaches for…
Despite many advances that enable the application of model checking techniques to the verification of large systems, the state-explosion problem remains the main challenge for scalability. Compositional verification addresses this challenge…
TLAPS, the TLA+ proof system, is a platform for the development and mechanical verification of TLA+ proofs written in a declarative style requiring little background beyond elementary mathematics. The language supports hierarchical and…
We present a novel counterexample-guided, sketch-based method for the synthesis of symbolic distributed protocols in TLA+. Our method's chief novelty lies in a new search space reduction technique called interpretation reduction, which…
To address the increasing size and complexity of modern software systems, compositional verification separates the verification of single components from the verification of their composition. In architecture-based verification, the former…
Using an algorithm due to Safra for distributed termination detection as a running example, we present the main tools for verifying specifications written in TLA+. Examining their complementary strengths and weaknesses, we suggest a…
In this paper, we present structural abstraction refinement, a novel framework for verifying the threshold problem of probabilistic programs. Our approach represents the structure of a Probabilistic Control-Flow Automaton (PCFA) as a Markov…
Active automata learning infers automaton models of systems from behavioral observations, a technique successfully applied to a wide range of domains. Compositional approaches have recently emerged to address scalability to concurrent…
Modern Systems-on-Chip (SoC) designs are increasingly heterogeneous and contain specialized semi-programmable accelerators in addition to programmable processors. In contrast to the pre-accelerator era, when the ISA played an important role…
AI agent protocols -- including MCP, A2A, ANP, and ACP -- enable autonomous agents to discover capabilities, delegate tasks, and compose services across trust boundaries. Despite massive deployment (MCP alone has 97M+ monthly SDK…
Alloy and TLA+ are two formal specification languages that are increasingly popular due to their simplicity and flexibility, as well as the effectiveness of their companion model checkers, the Alloy Analyzer and TLC, respectively.…