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Related papers: Counterfactual Phenotyping with Censored Time-to-E…

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The conditional survival function of a time-to-event outcome subject to censoring and truncation is a common target of estimation in survival analysis. This parameter may be of scientific interest and also often appears as a nuisance in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-20 Charles J. Wolock , Peter B. Gilbert , Noah Simon , Marco Carone

Determining causal effects of temporal multi-intervention assists decision-making. Restricted by time-varying bias, selection bias, and interactions of multiple interventions, the disentanglement and estimation of multiple treatment effects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Pengfei Xi , Guifeng Wang , Zhipeng Hu , Yu Xiong , Mingming Gong , Wei Huang , Runze Wu , Yu Ding , Tangjie Lv , Changjie Fan , Xiangnan Feng

This paper studies inference on treatment effects in panel data settings with unobserved confounding. We model outcome variables through a factor model with random factors and loadings. Such factors and loadings may act as unobserved…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-12-05 Guido W. Imbens , Davide Viviano

Dynamic prediction of causal effects under different treatment regimes conditional on an individual's characteristics and longitudinal history is an essential problem in precision medicine. This is challenging in practice because outcomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-07 Yizhen Xu , Jisoo Kim , Laura K. Hummers , Ami A. Shah , Scott Zeger

We give an approach for characterizing interference by lower bounding the number of units whose outcome depends on selected groups of treated individuals, such as depending on the treatment of others, or others who are at least a certain…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-04 David Choi

Given the long follow-up periods that are often required for treatment or intervention studies, the potential to use surrogate markers to decrease the required follow-up time is a very attractive goal. However, previous studies have shown…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-12 Layla Parast , Tianxi Cai , Lu Tian

The participants in randomized trials and other studies used for causal inference are often not representative of the populations seen by clinical decision-makers. To account for differences between populations, researchers may consider…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-12 Anders Huitfeldt , Sonja A. Swanson , Mats Julius Stensrud , Etsuji Suzuki

Counterfactual inference enables clinicians to ask "what if" questions about patient outcomes, but standard methods assume feature independence and simultaneous modifiability -- assumptions violated by longitudinal clinical data. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jingya Cheng , Alaleh Azhir , Jiazi Tian , Hossein Estiri

From personalised medicine to targeted advertising, it is an inherent task to provide a sequence of decisions with historical covariates and outcome data. This requires understanding of both the dynamics and heterogeneity of treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-22 Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Yi Yu

We regularly consider answering counterfactual questions in practice, such as "Would people with diabetes take a turn for the better had they choose another medication?". Observational studies are growing in significance in answering such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Guanglin Zhou , Lina Yao , Xiwei Xu , Chen Wang , Liming Zhu

The identification of patient subgroups with comparable event-risk dynamics plays a key role in supporting informed decision-making in clinical research. In such settings, it is important to account for the inherent dependence that arises…

Computation · Statistics 2026-01-13 Alessandra Ragni , Lara Cavinato , Francesca Ieva

Standard linear modeling approaches make potentially simplistic assumptions regarding the structure of categorical effects that may obfuscate more complex relationships governing data. For example, recent work focused on the two-way…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-05 Thomas A. Metzger , Christopher T. Franck

Measuring treatment effects in observational studies is challenging because of confounding bias. Confounding occurs when a variable affects both the treatment and the outcome. Traditional methods such as propensity score matching estimate…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-23 Bevan I. Smith , Charles Chimedza

A recent literature in econometrics models unobserved cross-sectional heterogeneity in panel data by assigning each cross-sectional unit a one-dimensional, discrete latent type. Such models have been shown to allow estimation and inference…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-01-31 Max Cytrynbaum

Predictions under interventions are estimates of what a person's risk of an outcome would be if they were to follow a particular treatment strategy, given their individual characteristics. Such predictions can give important input to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-17 Ruth H. Keogh , Nan van Geloven

This paper examines the identification and estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects in event studies, emphasizing the importance of both lagged dependent variables and treatment effect heterogeneity. We show that omitting lagged…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-18 Irene Botosaru , Laura Liu

Estimating the causal effects of an intervention in the presence of confounding is a frequently occurring problem in applications such as medicine. The task is challenging since there may be multiple confounding factors, some of which may…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-28 Sonali Parbhoo , Mario Wieser , Volker Roth

Consider sensitivity analysis to assess the worst-case possible values of counterfactual outcome means and average treatment effects under sequential unmeasured confounding in a longitudinal study with time-varying treatments and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-31 Zhiqiang Tan

High-dimensional multivariate longitudinal data, which arise when many outcome variables are measured repeatedly over time, are becoming increasingly common in social, behavioral and health sciences. We propose a latent variable model for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-09 Sze Ming Lee , Yunxiao Chen , Tony Sit

This paper considers the identification of dynamic treatment effects with panel data, in complex designs where the treatment may not be binary and may not be absorbing. We first show that under no-anticipation and parallel-trends…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-23 Clément de Chaisemartin , Xavier D'Haultfœuille