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Related papers: Counterfactual Phenotyping with Censored Time-to-E…

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We study a new model where the potential outcomes, corresponding to the values of a (possibly continuous) treatment, are linked through common factors. The factors can be estimated using a panel of regressors. We propose a procedure to…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-01-09 Jad Beyhum

This paper studies estimation and inference of heterogeneous peer effects featuring group fixed effects and slope heterogeneity under latent structure. We adapt the Classifier-Lasso algorithm to consistently discover latent structures and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-09 Zhongjian Lin , Zhentao Shi , Yapeng Zheng

Forest-based methods have recently gained in popularity for non-parametric treatment effect estimation. Building on this line of work, we introduce causal survival forests, which can be used to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects in a…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-01 Yifan Cui , Michael R. Kosorok , Erik Sverdrup , Stefan Wager , Ruoqing Zhu

Counterfactuals are often described as 'retrospective,' focusing on hypothetical alternatives to a realized past. This description relates to an often implicit assumption about the structure and stability of exogenous variables in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Lucius E. J. Bynum , Joshua R. Loftus , Julia Stoyanovich

Survival analysis provides a well-established framework for modeling time-to-event data, with hazard and survival functions formally defined as population-level quantities. In applied work, however, these quantities are often interpreted as…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-26 Xijia Liu

This paper tackles the problem of time-to-event counterfactual survival prediction, aiming to optimize individualized survival outcomes in the presence of heterogeneity and censored data. We propose CURE, a framework that advances…

Every design choice will have different effects on different units. However traditional A/B tests are often underpowered to identify these heterogeneous effects. This is especially true when the set of unit-level attributes is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Alexander Peysakhovich , Akos Lada

Estimating counterfactual outcomes over time has the potential to unlock personalized healthcare by assisting decision-makers to answer ''what-iF'' questions. Existing causal inference approaches typically consider regular, discrete-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Nabeel Seedat , Fergus Imrie , Alexis Bellot , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

Applications of machine learning in healthcare often require working with time-to-event prediction tasks including prognostication of an adverse event, re-hospitalization or death. Such outcomes are typically subject to censoring due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Chirag Nagpal , Willa Potosnak , Artur Dubrawski

This article studies the estimation of the causal effect of a time-varying treatment on time-to-an-event or on some other continuously distributed outcome. The paper applies to the situation where treatment is repeatedly adapted to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-06-19 Judith J. Lok

In survival analysis the random censorship model refers to censoring and survival times being independent of each other. It is one of the fundamental assumptions in the theory of survival analysis. We explain the reason for it being so…

Applications · Statistics 2017-03-06 Damjan Krstajic

Cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) are experimental designs where groups or clusters of participants, rather than the individual participants themselves, are randomized to intervention groups. Analyzing CRT requires distinguishing between…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-10 Xi Fang , Bingkai Wang , Liangyuan Hu , Fan Li

Accurate time-to-event prediction is integral to decision-making, informing medical guidelines, hiring decisions, and resource allocation. Survival analysis, the quantitative framework used to model time-to-event data, accounts for patients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Vincent Jeanselme , Brian Tom , Jessica Barrett

We investigate the estimation of the causal effect of a treatment variable on an outcome in the presence of a latent confounder. We first show that the causal effect is identifiable under certain conditions when data is available from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Yaroslav Kivva , Sina Akbari , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash

In recent years, research interest in personalised treatments has been growing. However, treatment effect heterogeneity and possibly time-varying treatment effects are still often overlooked in clinical studies. Statistical tools are needed…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-27 Caterina Gregorio , Giovanni Baj , Giulia Barbati , Francesca Ieva

We study the problem of inferring heterogeneous treatment effects from time-to-event data. While both the related problems of (i) estimating treatment effects for binary or continuous outcomes and (ii) predicting survival outcomes have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Alicia Curth , Changhee Lee , Mihaela van der Schaar

We investigate the limitations of random trials when the cause of interest is confounded with the effect by formalizing a counterfactual policy-space where the agent's natural predilection is input to a soft-intervention.

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Erik Skalnes

We propose an approach to estimate the effect of multiple simultaneous interventions in the presence of hidden confounders. To overcome the problem of hidden confounding, we consider the setting where we have access to not only the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-17 Sorawit Saengkyongam , Ricardo Silva

When confronted with an undesired cell population, such as bacterial infections or tumors, we seek the most effective treatment, designed to eliminate the population as rapidly as possible. A common practice is to monitor the cells…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Uzi Harush , Ravid Straussman , Baruch Barzel

Deep generative models can emulate the perceptual properties of complex image datasets, providing a latent representation of the data. However, manipulating such representation to perform meaningful and controllable transformations in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Michel Besserve , Arash Mehrjou , Rémy Sun , Bernhard Schölkopf