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Random numbers are a fundamental ingredient for many applications including simulation, modelling and cryptography. Sound random numbers should be independent and uniformly distributed. Moreover, for cryptographic applications they should…

Random numbers have significant applications in fundamental science, high-level scientific research, cryptography, and several other areas where there is a pressing need for high-quality random numbers. We present an experimental…

In quantum cryptography, device-independent (DI) protocols can be certified secure without requiring assumptions about the inner workings of the devices used to perform the protocol. In order to display nonlocality, which is an essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-23 Cédric Bamps , Serge Massar , Stefano Pironio

We demonstrate the possibility to perform distributed quantum computing using only single photon sources (atom-cavity-like systems), linear optics and photon detectors. The qubits are encoded in stable ground states of the sources. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yuan Liang Lim , Almut Beige , Leong Chuan Kwek

We experimentally characterize a quantum photonic gate that is capable of converting multiqubit entangled states while acting only on two qubits. It is an important tool in large quantum networks, where it can be used for re-wiring of…

A key goal of quantum communication is to determine the maximum number of bits shared between two quantum systems. An important example of this is in entanglement based quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes. A realistic treatment of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Thomas Brougham , Stephen M. Barnett

Entangled quantum systems have properties that have fundamentally overthrown the classical worldview. Increasing the complexity of entangled states by expanding their dimensionality allows the implementation of novel fundamental tests of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-01 Mario Krenn , Marcus Huber , Robert Fickler , Radek Lapkiewicz , Sven Ramelow , Anton Zeilinger

Entanglement is the quintessential quantum mechanical phenomenon understood to lie at the heart of future quantum technologies and the subject of fundamental scientific investigations. Mixture, resulting from noise, is often an unwanted…

We show how one can deterministically generate photonic matrix product states with high bond and physical dimensions with an atomic array if one has access to a Rydberg-blockade mechanism. We develop both a quantum gate and an optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Zhi-Yuan Wei , Daniel Malz , Alejandro González-Tudela , J. Ignacio Cirac

In recent decades, quantum technologies have made significant strides toward achieving quantum utility. However, practical applications are hindered by challenges related to scaling the number of qubits and the depth of circuits. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Pingal Pratyush Nath , Aninda Sinha , Urbasi Sinha

Nonlocal entanglement generation among multiple remote quantum nodes provides a critical foundation for a variety of counterintuitive quantum applications. The exponential loss of photons transmitting over optical fibers sets an upper limit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Wenbo Zhang , Jing Zheng , Yimin Wang , Tao Li

Quantum entanglement emerges naturally in interacting quantum systems and plays a central role in quantum information processing. Remarkably, it is possible to generate entanglement even in the absence of direct interactions: provided that…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 Aymeric Delteil , Sun Zhe , Wei-bo Gao , Emre Togan , Stefan Faelt , Atac Imamoglu

Entanglement and spontaneous emission are fundamental quantum phenomena that drive many applications of quantum physics. During the spontaneous emission of light from an excited two-level atom, the atom briefly becomes entangled with the…

We report the first entanglement generation experiment using an on-chip slow light device. With highly efficient spontaneous four-wave mixing enhanced by the slow light effect in a coupled resonator optical waveguide based on a silicon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-30 Hiroki Takesue , Nobuyuki Matsuda , Eiichi Kuramochi , Masaya Notomi

We present an experimental platform for linear-optical quantum information processing. Our setup utilizes multiphoton generation using a high-quality single-photon source, which is demultiplexed across multiple spatial channels, a…

Randomness is a central feature of quantum mechanics and an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Commonly, in Device-Independent and Semi-Device-Independent scenarios, randomness is certified using projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Marco Avesani , Hamid Tebyanian , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone

Quantum coherence serves as a fundamental resource for generating intrinsic randomness, yet the quantification of randomness in quantum random number generators (QRNGs) based on spontaneous emission has remained largely phenomenological.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Chenxu Li , Shengfan Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

In this study, we first use a three-qubit system as an example to demonstrate the construction of quantum circuits for the eight maximally entangled basis vectors, subsequently extending the approach to N-qubit systems. We employ a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Chi-Chuan Hwang

Quantum self-testing is a device-independent way to certify quantum states and measurements using only the input-output statistics, with minimal assumptions about the quantum devices. Because of the high demand on tolerable noise, however,…

Current photon entangling schemes require resources that grow with the photon number. We present a new approach that generates quantum entanglement between many photons, using only a single source of entangled photon pairs. The different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-04 E. Megidish , T. Shacham , A. Halevy , L. Dovrat , H. S. Eisenberg
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