Related papers: A Heuristic Proof Procedure for Propositional Logi…
Propositional logic serves as a fundamental cornerstone in mathematical logic. This paper delves into a semiring characterization of propositional logic, employing the Gr\"oebner-Shirshov basis theory to furnish an algebraic framework for…
Mechanical reasoning is a key area of research that lies at the crossroads of mathematical logic and artificial intelligence. The main aim to develop mechanical reasoning systems (also known as theorem provers) was to enable mathematicians…
The existence of a (p-)optimal propositional proof system is a major open question in (proof) complexity; many people conjecture that such systems do not exist. Krajicek and Pudlak (1989) show that this question is equivalent to the…
We describe a general method for verifying inequalities between real-valued expressions, especially the kinds of straightforward inferences that arise in interactive theorem proving. In contrast to approaches that aim to be complete with…
Correctness proofs for floating point programs are difficult to verify. To simplify the task, a similar, but less complex system, known as logarithmic arithmetic can be used. The Boyer-Moore Theorem Prover, NQTHM, mechanically verified the…
Plausible reasoning concerns situations whose inherent lack of precision is not quantified; that is, there are no degrees or levels of precision, and hence no use of numbers like probabilities. A hopefully comprehensive set of principles…
This paper discusses the semantics and proof theory of Nilsson's probabilistic logic, outlining both the benefits of its well-defined model theory and the drawbacks of its proof theory. Within Nilsson's semantic framework, we derive a set…
Revised proofs of Kenneth Arrow's impossibility theorem have been presented in prose form, incorporating novel ideas such as decisive sets and pivotal voters. This study develops another approach to proving the theorem. Using a proof…
With help of a compact Prolog-based theorem prover for Intuitionistic Propositional Logic, we synthesize minimal assumptions under which a given formula formula becomes a theorem. After applying our synthesis algorithm to cover basic…
We present a new approach to proving non-termination of non-deterministic integer programs. Our technique is rather simple but efficient. It relies on a purely syntactic reversal of the program's transition system followed by a…
The inverse method is a saturation based theorem proving technique; it relies on a forward proof-search strategy and can be applied to cut-free calculi enjoying the subformula property. Here we apply this method to derive the unprovability…
In this paper we study the logical foundations of automated inductive theorem proving. To that aim we first develop a theoretical model that is centered around the difficulty of finding induction axioms which are sufficient for proving a…
We study a well-known technique of using absoluteness for giving choice-free proofs to some statements which are known to be provable with the axiom of choice. The idea is to reduce the problem to an inner model where the axiom of choice…
We report on the development of an optimized and verified decision procedure for orthologic equalities and inequalities. This decision procedure is quadratic-time and is used as a sound, efficient and predictable approximation to classical…
In a previously published ENTCS paper (Santos et al. (2016)), we introduced a sequent calculus called $\mathbf{LMT^{\rightarrow}}$ for Minimal Implicational Propositional Logic ($\mathbf{LMT^{\rightarrow}}$). This calculus provides a proof…
Reachability Logic is a formalism that can be used, among others, for expressing partial-correctness properties of transition systems. In this paper we present three proof systems for this formalism, all of which are sound and complete and…
In this paper, we study the provability logic of intuitionistic theories of arithmetic that prove their own completeness. We prove a completeness theorem for theories equipped with two provability predicates $\Box$ and $\triangle$ that…
We develop a second-order extension of intuitionistic modal logic, allowing quantification over propositions, both syntactically and semantically. A key feature of second-order logic is its capacity to define positive connectives from the…
Argumentation is a non-monotonic process. This reflects the fact that argumentation involves uncertain information, and so new information can cause a change in the conclusions drawn. However, the base logic does not need to be…
Understanding and creating mathematics using natural mathematical language - the mixture of symbolic and natural language used by humans - is a challenging and important problem for driving progress in machine learning. As a step in this…