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The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical NP-hard problem and has broad applications in many disciplines and industries. In a large scale location-based services system, users issue TSP queries concurrently, where a TSP query is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Kangfei Zhao , Shengcai Liu , Yu Rong , Jeffrey Xu Yu

In this paper we study a property of time-dependent graphs, dubbed path ranking invariance. Broadly speaking, a time-dependent graph is path ranking invariant if the ordering of its paths (w.r.t. travel time) is independent of the start…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Tommaso Adamo , Gianpaolo Ghiani , Emanuela Guerriero

We study a semidefinite programming relaxation of the traveling salesman problem introduced by de Klerk, Pasechnik, and Sotirov [8] and show that their relaxation has an unbounded integrality gap. In particular, we give a family of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Samuel C. Gutekunst , David P. Williamson

Recent systems applying Machine Learning (ML) to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) exhibit issues when they try to scale up to real case scenarios with several hundred vertices. The use of Candidate Lists (CLs) has been brought up…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Umberto Junior Mele , Luca Maria Gambardella , Roberto Montemanni

The ARRIVAL problem is to decide the fate of a train moving along the edges of a directed graph, according to a simple (deterministic) pseudorandom walk. The problem is in $NP \cap coNP$ but not known to be in $P$. The currently best…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Bernd Gärtner , Sebastian Haslebacher , Hung P. Hoang

The Colored Points Traveling Salesman Problem (Colored Points TSP) is introduced in this work as a novel variation of the traditional Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) in which the set of points is partitioned into multiple classes, each of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Saeed Asaeedi

The Steiner Traveling Salesman Problem (STSP) is a variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that is particularly suitable when dealing with sparse networks, such as road networks. The standard integer programming formulation of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-03-20 Adam N. Letchford , Saeideh D. Nasiri , Dirk Oliver Theis

The Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) is a multi-component optimization problem that captures the interplay between routing and packing decisions by combining the classical Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) and the Knapsack Problem (KP). The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jan Eube , Kelin Luo , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann , Heiko Röglin

We give a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the asymmetric traveling salesman problem (ATSP). Our approximation guarantee is analyzed with respect to the standard LP relaxation, and thus our result confirms the conjectured…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Ola Svensson , Jakub Tarnawski , László A. Végh

Subset-Sum and k-SAT are two of the most extensively studied problems in computer science, and conjectures about their hardness are among the cornerstones of fine-grained complexity. One of the most intriguing open problems in this area is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Amir Abboud , Karl Bringmann , Danny Hermelin , Dvir Shabtay

In the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a salesman wants to visit a set of cities and return home. There is a cost $c_{ij}$ of traveling from city $i$ to city $j$, which is the same in either direction for the Symmetric TSP. The objective…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Robert D. Carr , Neil Simonetti

In this paper, we consider differential approximability of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). We show that TSP is $3/4$-differential approximable, which improves the currently best known bound $3/4 -O(1/n)$ due to Escoffier and Monnot in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Yuki Amano , Kazuhisa Makino

Traveling salesman problems (TSP) are one of the well-known combinatorial optimization problems that many groups tackle to solve. This problem appears in many types of combinational optimization, such as scheduling, route optimization, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Hikaru Wakaura

In this paper we study the classical no-wait flowshop scheduling problem with makespan objective (F|no-wait|C_max in the standard three-field notation). This problem is well-known to be a special case of the asymmetric traveling salesman…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-26 Marcin Mucha , Maxim Sviridenko

Local search is a widely-employed strategy for finding good solutions to Traveling Salesman Problem. We analyze the problem of determining whether the weight of a given cycle can be decreased by a popular $k$-opt move. Earlier work has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Édouard Bonnet , Yoichi Iwata , Bart M. P. Jansen , Łukasz Kowalik

In the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a list of cities and the distances between them are given. The goal is to find the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the original city. The TSP has a wide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-17 Johnny Seay , Edwin Gonzalez , Stephen Lowe , Jesse Crawford , Bryant Wyatt

We show that the average cost for the traveling-salesman problem in two dimensions, which is the archetypal problem in combinatorial optimization, in the bipartite case, is simply related to the average cost of the assignment problem with…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-10-03 Riccardo Capelli , Sergio Caracciolo , Andrea Di Gioacchino , Enrico M. Malatesta

Many real-world optimization problems have multiple interacting components. Each of these can be NP-hard and they can be in conflict with each other, i.e., the optimal solution for one component does not necessarily represent an optimal…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Jonatas B. C. Chagas , Markus Wagner

We propose a general-purpose method for finding high-quality solutions to hard optimization problems, inspired by self-organizing processes often found in nature. The method, called Extremal Optimization, successively eliminates extremely…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-07-06 S. Boettcher , A. Percus

In this paper we propose some novel path planning strategies for a double integrator with bounded velocity and bounded control inputs. First, we study the following version of the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP): given a set of points…

Robotics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ketan Savla , Francesco Bullo , Emilio Frazzoli