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Exoplanet observations have shown that the occurrence and orbital architectures of close-in super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are shaped by the presence of outer gas giant planets. This influence may emerge during the formation stage or from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Marcela Best , Antranik A. Sefilian , Carolina Charalambous , Kedron Silsbee , Cristobal Petrovich

New interior models of Jupiter and Saturn suggest that both planets have "fuzzy cores". These cores should be viewed as central regions that are enriched with heavy elements but are not distinct from the rest of the deep interior. These…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-19 Ravit Helled , David J. Stevenson

We have developed an evolutionary turbulent model of the Jovian subnebula consistent with the extended core accretion formation models of Jupiter described by Alibert et al. (2005b) and derived from Alibert et al. (2004,2005a). This model…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Yann Alibert , Olivier Mousis , Willy Benz

Numerical simulations, based on the core-nucleated accretion model, are presented for the formation of Jupiter at 5.2 AU in 3 primordial disks with three different assumed values of the surface density of solid particles. The grain…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-07-19 Naor Movshovitz , Peter Bodenheimer , Morris Podolak , Jack J. Lissauer

At mid-mission perijove 17, NASA's Juno mission has revealed a $7\sigma$ discrepancy between Jupiter's observed high-degree tidal response and the theoretical equilibrium tidal response, namely the Love number $k_{42}$. Here, we propose an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-25 Benjamin Idini , David J. Stevenson

With the recent realization that there likely are stably-stratified regions in the interiors of both Jupiter and Saturn, we construct new non-adiabatic, inhomogeneous evolutionary models with the same microphysics for each that result at…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-24 Ankan Sur , Roberto Tejada Arevalo , Yubo Su , Adam Burrows

Using the clathrate hydrates trapping theory, we discuss the enrichments in volatiles in the atmosphere of Jupiter measured by the \textit{Galileo} probe in the framework of new extended core-accretion planet formation models including…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yann Alibert , Olivier Mousis , Willy Benz

The large number of detected giant exoplanets offers the opportunity to improve our understanding of the formation mechanism, evolution, and interior structure of gas giant planets. The two main models for giant planet formation are core…

Giant planet formation process is still not completely understood. The current most accepted paradigm, the core instability model, explains several observed properties of the solar system's giant planets but, to date, has faced difficulties…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-06 Omar G. Benvenuto , Andrea Fortier , Adrian Brunini

Context. The Juno spacecraft has obtained highly accurate tidal Love numbers, which provide important constraints on the tidal response and interior structure of Jupiter. Aims. In order to exploit these observations, it is necessary to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-08 Yufeng Lin

Many hot and ultra-hot Jupiters have inflated radii, implying that their interiors retain significant entropy from formation. These hot interiors lead to an enhanced internal heat flux that impinges upon the atmosphere from below. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-29 Thaddeus D. Komacek , Peter Gao , Daniel P. Thorngren , Erin M. May , Xianyu Tan

With the goal of matching spacecraft measurements from Juno and Galileo missions, we construct ensembles of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 layer models for Jupiter's interior. All except our two layer models can match the planet's gravity field as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-23 Burkhard Militzer , William B. Hubbard

Hot Jupiters receive strong stellar irradiation, producing equilibrium temperatures of $1000 - 2500 \ \mathrm{Kelvin}$. Incoming irradiation directly heats just their thin outer layer, down to pressures of $\sim 0.1 \ \mathrm{bars}$. In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-05 Thaddeus D. Komacek , Andrew N. Youdin

Newly-formed planetary systems with ages of <10 Myr offer many unique insights into the formation, evolution, and fundamental properties of extrasolar planets. These planets have fallen beyond the limits of past surveys, but as we enter the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-02-19 Adam L. Kraus , Kevin Covey , Michael Liu , Stanimir Metchev , Russel White , Lisa Prato , Doug Lin , Mark Marley

Firstly, we study the final masses of giant planets growing in protoplanetary disks through capture of disk gas, by employing an empirical formula for the gas capture rate and a shallow disk gap model, which are both based on hydrodynamical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-01 Takayuki Tanigawa , Hidekazu Tanaka

The primordial internal structures of gas giant planets are unknown. Often giant planets are modeled under the assumption that they are adiabatic, convective, and homogeneously mixed, but this is not necessarily correct. In this work, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Allona Vazan , Ravit Helled , Attay Kovetz , Morris Podolak

The planetary mass-radius diagram is an observational result of central importance to understand planet formation. We present an updated version of our planet formation model based on the core accretion paradigm which allows to calculate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 C. Mordasini , Y. Alibert , W. Benz , H. Klahr

Recent measurements of Jupiter's gravitational field (by Juno) and seismology of Saturn's rings (by Cassini) strongly suggest that both planets have a stably-stratified core that still possesses a primordial gradient in the concentration of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-26 Bradley W. Hindman , J. R. Fuentes

The origin of close-in giant planets is a key open question in planet formation theory. The two leading models are (i) formation at the outer disk followed by migration and (ii) in situ formation. In this work we determine the atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-07 Henrik Knierim , Sho Shibata , Ravit Helled

Jupiter's atmosphere is dominated by multiple jet streams which are strongly tied to its 3D atmospheric circulation. Lacking a rigid bottom boundary, several models exist for how the meridional circulation extends into the planetary…

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