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We present approximation algorithms for the following NP-hard optimization problems related to bottleneck spanning trees in metric spaces. 1. The disjoint bottleneck spanning tree problem: Given $n$ pairs of points in a metric space, find…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Ahmad Biniaz , Anil Maheshwari , Michiel Smid

Tree-based networks are a class of phylogenetic networks that attempt to formally capture what is meant by "tree-like" evolution. A given non-tree-based phylogenetic network, however, might appear to be very close to being tree-based, or…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-01-17 Mareike Fischer , Andrew Francis

The generation of trees with a specified tree edit distance has significant applications across various fields, including computational biology, structured data analysis, and image processing. Recently, generative networks have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mamoona Ghafoor , Tatsuya Akutsu

A fringe subtree of a rooted tree is a subtree consisting of one of the nodes and all its descendants. In this paper, we are specifically interested in the number of non-isomorphic trees that appear in the collection of all fringe subtrees…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-09 Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Stephan Wagner

The Treewidth-2 Vertex Deletion problem asks whether a set of at most $t$ vertices can be removed from a graph, such that the resulting graph has treewidth at most two. A graph has treewidth at most two if and only if it does not contain a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Jeroen L. G. Schols

Phylogenetic networks which are, as opposed to trees, suitable to describe processes like hybridization and horizontal gene transfer, play a substantial role in evolutionary research. However, while non-treelike events need to be taken into…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-06 Mareike Fischer , Tom Niklas Hamann , Kristina Wicke

The path-difference metric is one of the oldest distances for the comparison of fully resolved phylogenetic trees, but its statistical properties are still quite unknown. In this paper we compute the mean value of the square of the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-06-16 Arnau Mir , Francesc Rossello

Graph-structured data arise ubiquitously in many application domains. A fundamental problem is to quantify their similarities. Graph kernels are often used for this purpose, which decompose graphs into substructures and compare these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Wei Ye , Zhen Wang , Rachel Redberg , Ambuj Singh

We propose a novel architecture for Graph Neural Networks that is inspired by the idea behind Tree Kernels of measuring similarity between trees by taking into account their common substructures, named fragments. By imposing a series of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Federico Ruggeri , Marco Lippi , Paolo Torroni

Phylogenetic networks generalize phylogenetic trees, and have been introduced in order to describe evolution in the case of transfer of genetic material between coexisting species. There are many classes of phylogenetic networks, which can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-13 Mathilde Bouvel , Philippe Gambette , Marefatollah Mansouri

Phylogenetic (i.e. leaf-labeled) trees play a fundamental role in evolutionary research. A typical problem is to reconstruct such trees from data like DNA alignments (whose columns are often referred to as characters), and a simple…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-09-08 Mareike Fischer

The hybridization number problem requires us to embed a set of binary rooted phylogenetic trees into a binary rooted phylogenetic network such that the number of nodes with indegree two is minimized. However, from a biological point of view…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-05 Leo van Iersel , Steven Kelk , Georgios Stamoulis , Leen Stougie , Olivier Boes

In phylogenetics, tree-based networks are used to model and visualize the evolutionary history of species where reticulate events such as horizontal gene transfer have occurred. Formally, a tree-based network $N$ consists of a phylogenetic…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Jonathan Klawitter , Peter Stumpf

The early development of a zygote can be mathematically described by a developmental tree. To compare developmental trees of different species, we need to define distances on trees. If children cells after a division are not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-08 Yue Wang

We consider the problem of \emph{pruning} a classification tree, that is, selecting a suitable subtree that balances bias and variance, in common situations with inhomogeneous training data. Namely, assuming access to mostly data from a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-23 Nicholas Galbraith , Samory Kpotufe

We study distorted metrics on binary trees in the context of phylogenetic reconstruction. Given a binary tree $T$ on $n$ leaves with a path metric $d$, consider the pairwise distances $\{d(u,v)\}$ between leaves. It is well known that these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Elchanan Mossel

When performing an analysis on a collection of molecular sequences, it can be convenient to reduce the number of sequences under consideration while maintaining some characteristic of a larger collection of sequences. For example, one may…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-09-03 Frederick A. Matsen , Aaron Gallagher , Connor McCoy

The Subtree Isomorphism problem asks whether a given tree is contained in another given tree. The problem is of fundamental importance and has been studied since the 1960s. For some variants, e.g., ordered trees, near-linear time algorithms…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-10-16 Amir Abboud , Arturs Backurs , Thomas Dueholm Hansen , Virginia Vassilevska Williams , Or Zamir

Rooted phylogenetic networks are often used to represent conflicting phylogenetic signals. Given a set of clusters, a network is said to represent these clusters in the "softwired" sense if, for each cluster in the input set, at least one…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-03-10 Steven Kelk , Celine Scornavacca , Leo van Iersel

Let $G$ be an undirected graph. We say that $G$ contains a ladder of length $k$ if the $2 \times (k+1)$ grid graph is an induced subgraph of $G$ that is only connected to the rest of $G$ via its four cornerpoints. We prove that if all the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-31 Steven Chaplick , Steven Kelk , Ruben Meuwese , Matus Mihalak , Georgios Stamoulis