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Categorification is the process of finding category-theoretic analogs of set-theoretic concepts by replacing sets with categories, functions with functors, and equations between functions by natural isomorphisms between functors, which in…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2014-11-18 John C. Baez , James Dolan

Despite deep learning models running well-defined mathematical functions, we lack a formal mathematical framework for describing model architectures. Ad-hoc notation, diagrams, and pseudocode poorly handle nonlinear broadcasting and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Vincent Abbott , Gioele Zardini

This paper, written in 1998, aims to clarify various higher categorical structures, mostly through the theory of generalized operads and multicategories. Chapters I and II, which cover this theory and its application to give a definition of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tom Leinster

String diagrams are pictorial representations for morphisms of symmetric monoidal categories. They constitute an intuitive and expressive graphical syntax, which has found application in a very diverse range of fields including concurrency…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Aleksandar Milosavljevic , Robin Piedeleu , Fabio Zanasi

An n-category is some sort of algebraic structure consisting of objects, morphisms between objects, 2-morphisms between morphisms, and so on up to n-morphisms, together with various ways of composing them. We survey various concepts of…

q-alg · Mathematics 2008-02-03 John C. Baez

We give a definition of weak n-categories based on the theory of operads. We work with operads having an arbitrary set S of types, or `S-operads', and given such an operad O, we denote its set of operations by elt(O). Then for any S-operad…

q-alg · Mathematics 2008-02-03 John C. Baez , James Dolan

We introduce a graphical language for closed symmetric monoidal categories based on an extension of string diagrams with special bracket wires representing internal homs. These bracket wires make the structure of the internal hom functor…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Callum Reader , Alessandro Di Giorgio

Symmetric monoidal categories (SMCs) are a common framework for reasoning about computation, focusing on the parallel and sequential compositionality of operations. String diagrams are a ubiquitous and powerful tool for reasoning about…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Benjamin Caldwell , William Spencer , Aleks Kissinger , Robert Rand

We now have a wide range of proof assistants available for compositional reasoning in monoidal or higher categories which are free on some generating signature. However, none of these allow us to represent categorical operations such as…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Chiara Sarti , Jamie Vicary

In this paper, we extend diagrammatic reasoning in monoidal categories with algebraic operations and equations. We achieve this by considering monoidal categories that are enriched in the category of Eilenberg-Moore algebras for a monad.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Alejandro Villoria , Henning Basold , Alfons Laarman

String diagrams are a powerful tool for reasoning about composite structures in symmetric monoidal categories. By representing string diagrams as graphs, equational reasoning can be done automatically by double-pushout rewriting. !-graphs…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Aleks Kissinger , Vladimir Zamdzhiev

We study the action of monads on categories equipped with several monoidal structures. We identify the structure and conditions that guarantee that the higher monoidal structure is inherited by the category of algebras over the monad.…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-12 Marcelo Aguiar , Mariana Haim , Ignacio Lopez Franco

In this article we show how to build main aspects of our paper on globular weak $(\infty,n)$-categories, but now for the cubical geometry. Thus we define a monad on the category $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{S}ets$ of cubical sets which algebras are…

K-Theory and Homology · Mathematics 2019-10-24 Camell Kachour

We introduce a theory for encoding and manipulating algebraic data on categories via $\textit{concentration structures}$, which are equivalence relations on morphisms that satisfy certain axioms. For any category with a concentration…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Yangxiao Luo , Shunyu Wan

This paper introduces the concept of distorted monoidal categories, a generalization of monoidal and braided monoidal categories that supports non-reversible and direction-sensitive tensor structures. Unlike the classical setting, where the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Joaquim Reizi Higuchi

Equivariant monoids are very important objects in many branches of mathematics: they combine the notion of multiplication and the concept of a group action. In this paper we will construct categories which encode the structure borne by…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-19 Daniel Graves

We introduce a new algebraic structure for multi-dimensional compositional embeddings, built on directional non-commutative monoidal operators. The core contribution of this work is this novel framework, which exhibits appealing theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Mahesh Godavarti

The well-known conditions for a simplicial set to be the nerve of a small category generalize with respect to two parameters: the dimension n of the things which compose, and the position i of the thing which is the result of the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-26 Paul Glenn

We present our position on the elusive quest for a general-purpose framework for specifying and studying deep learning architectures. Our opinion is that the key attempts made so far lack a coherent bridge between specifying constraints…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Bruno Gavranović , Paul Lessard , Andrew Dudzik , Tamara von Glehn , João G. M. Araújo , Petar Veličković

Abstract clones serve as an algebraic presentation of the syntax of a simple type theory. From the perspective of universal algebra, they define algebraic theories like those of groups, monoids and rings. This link allows one to study the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Nayan Rajesh