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Small language models (SLMs), despite their widespread adoption in modern smart devices, have received significantly less academic attention compared to their large language model (LLM) counterparts, which are predominantly deployed in data…

The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates billions of smart devices that can communicate with one another with minimal human intervention. It is one of the fastest developing fields in the history of computing, with an estimated 50 billion…

Machine learning (ML) techniques are being increasingly used in mobile networks for network planning, operation, management, optimisation and much more. These techniques are realised using a set of logical nodes known as ML pipeline. A…

The Internet of Things (IoT) and Large Language Models (LLMs) have been two major emerging players in the information technology era. Although there has been significant coverage of their individual capabilities, our literature survey sheds…

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought forth an era of unprecedented connectivity, with an estimated 80 billion smart devices expected to be in operation by the end of 2025. These devices facilitate a multitude of smart…

While there exist many ways to deploy machine learning models on microcontrollers, it is non-trivial to choose the optimal combination of frameworks and targets for a given application. Thus, automating the end-to-end benchmarking flow is…

Deep learning inference on embedded devices is a burgeoning field with myriad applications because tiny embedded devices are omnipresent. But we must overcome major challenges before we can benefit from this opportunity. Embedded processors…

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) introduces significant security challenges as resource-constrained devices become increasingly integrated into critical industrial processes. Existing security approaches typically address threats at…

Autonomic Computing (AC) is a promising approach for developing intelligent and adaptive self-management systems at the deep network edge. In this paper, we present the problems and challenges related to the use of AC for IoT devices. Our…

In this paper, we illustrate how to enhance an existing state-of-the-art modeling language and tool for the Internet of Things (IoT), called ThingML, to support machine learning on the modeling level. To this aim, we extend the…

The rapid deployment of machine learning across platforms from milliwatt-class TinyML devices to large language models has made energy efficiency a primary constraint for sustainable AI. Across these scales, performance and energy are…

Billions of distributed, heterogeneous and resource constrained IoT devices deploy on-device machine learning (ML) for private, fast and offline inference on personal data. On-device ML is highly context dependent, and sensitive to user,…

Tiny machine learning (TinyML) co-locates models with sensors on microcontrollers, where small models (which are disproportionately sensitive to label noise) and bespoke binary tasks (which lack standard benchmarks) make general-purpose…

Recent advances in state-of-the-art ultra-low power embedded devices for machine learning (ML) have permitted a new class of products whose key features enable ML capabilities on microcontrollers with less than 1 mW power consumption…

Towards realizing an intelligent networked society, enabling low-cost low-energy connectivity for things, also known as Internet of Things (IoT), is of crucial importance. While the existing wireless access networks require centralized…

This literature review explores continual learning methods for on-device training in the context of neural networks (NNs) and decision trees (DTs) for classification tasks on smart environments. We highlight key constraints, such as data…

Internet-of-Things (IoT) envisions an intelligent infrastructure of networked smart devices offering task-specific monitoring and control services. The unique features of IoT include extreme heterogeneity, massive number of devices, and…

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has grown exponentially in recent years, introducing significant security challenges. Accurate identification of the types of IoT devices and their associated actions through network…

Federated Machine Learning (Fed ML) is a new distributed machine learning technique applied to collaboratively train a global model using clients local data without transmitting it. Nodes only send parameter updates (e.g., weight updates in…

The rapid growth of microcontroller-based IoT devices has opened up numerous applications, from smart manufacturing to personalized healthcare. Despite the widespread adoption of energy-efficient microcontroller units (MCUs) in the Tiny…