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Graph kernels are historically the most widely-used technique for graph classification tasks. However, these methods suffer from limited performance because of the hand-crafted combinatorial features of graphs. In recent years, graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Aosong Feng , Chenyu You , Shiqiang Wang , Leandros Tassiulas

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated impressive performance across diverse graph-based tasks by leveraging message passing to capture complex node relationships. However, on large-scale real-world graphs, GNNs face two major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiang Li , Jianpeng Qi , Haobing Liu , Yuan Cao , Guoqing Chao , Zhongying Zhao , Junyu Dong , Xinwang Liu , Yanwei Yu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a large class of relational models for graph processing. Recent theoretical studies on the expressive power of GNNs have focused on two issues. On the one hand, it has been proven that GNNs are as powerful…

We study the approximation power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) on latent position random graphs. In the large graph limit, GNNs are known to converge to certain "continuous" models known as c-GNNs, which directly enables a study of their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-01 Nicolas Keriven , Alberto Bietti , Samuel Vaiter

Graph Neural Networks (graph NNs) are a promising deep learning approach for analyzing graph-structured data. However, it is known that they do not improve (or sometimes worsen) their predictive performance as we pile up many layers and add…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Kenta Oono , Taiji Suzuki

Various classes of Graph Neural Networks (GNN) have been proposed and shown to be successful in a wide range of applications with graph structured data. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework able to compare the expressive power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Waïss Azizian , Marc Lelarge

In an earlier paper the authors proved that limits of convergent graph sequences can be described by various structures, including certain 2-variable real functions called graphons, random graph models satisfying certain consistency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-10 László Lovász , Balázs Szegedy

Graph prediction problems prevail in data analysis and machine learning. The inverse prediction problem, namely to infer input data from given output labels, is of emerging interest in various applications. In this work, we develop…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-22 Chen Xu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the state-of-the-art method for many applications on graph structured data. GNNs are a model for graph representation learning, which aims at learning to generate low dimensional node embeddings that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Davide Buffelli , Fabio Vandin

We study and compare different Graph Neural Network extensions that increase the expressive power of GNNs beyond the Weisfeiler-Leman test. We focus on (i) GNNs based on higher order WL methods, (ii) GNNs that preprocess small substructures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Pál András Papp , Roger Wattenhofer

Graphs are crucial for representing interrelated data and aiding predictive modeling by capturing complex relationships. Achieving high-quality graph representation is important for identifying linked patterns, leading to improvements in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Sumeyye Bas , Kiymet Kaya , Resul Tugay , Sule Gunduz Oguducu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are neural models that leverage the dependency structure in graphical data via message passing among the graph nodes. GNNs have emerged as pivotal architectures in analyzing graph-structured data, and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xu Zheng , Farhad Shirani , Tianchun Wang , Wei Cheng , Zhuomin Chen , Haifeng Chen , Hua Wei , Dongsheng Luo

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have limited expressive power, failing to represent many graph classes correctly. While more expressive graph representation learning (GRL) alternatives can distinguish some of these classes, they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Leonardo Cotta , Christopher Morris , Bruno Ribeiro

Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) has experienced great success in graph analysis tasks. It works by smoothing the node features across the graph. The current GCN models overwhelmingly assume that the node feature information is complete.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Hibiki Taguchi , Xin Liu , Tsuyoshi Murata

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently become the standard approach for learning with graph-structured data. Prior work has shed light into their potential, but also their limitations. Unfortunately, it was shown that standard GNNs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Gaspard Michel , Giannis Nikolentzos , Johannes Lutzeyer , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for data-driven learning on various graph domains. They are usually based on a message-passing mechanism and have gained increasing popularity for their intuitive formulation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Giuseppe Alessio D'Inverno , Simone Brugiapaglia , Mirco Ravanelli

Message-passing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are often criticized for their limited expressiveness, issues like over-smoothing and over-squashing, and challenges in capturing long-range dependencies. Conversely, Graph Transformers (GTs) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuankai Luo , Lei Shi , Xiao-Ming Wu

Graph processes exhibit a temporal structure determined by the sequence index and and a spatial structure determined by the graph support. To learn from graph processes, an information processing architecture must then be able to exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Luana Ruiz , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

There are a number of existing studies analysing the convergence behaviour of graph neural networks on large random graphs. Unfortunately, the majority of these studies do not model correlations between node features, which would naturally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mohammed Zain Ali Ahmed

Graph neural network (GNN) is a popular tool to learn the lower-dimensional representation of a graph. It facilitates the applicability of machine learning tasks on graphs by incorporating domain-specific features. There are various options…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Md. Khaledur Rahman