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Yttrium orthosilicate (Y$_2$SiO$_5$, or YSO) has proved to be a convenient host for rare-earth ions used in demonstrations of microwave quantum memories and optical memories with microwave interfaces, and shows promise for coherent…

Hybrid superconducting-photonic microresonators are a promising platform for realizing microwave-to-optical transduction. However, the absorption of scattered photons by the superconductors leads to unintended microwave resonance frequency…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-11-22 Yuntao Xu , Wei Fu , Yiyu Zhou , Mingrui Xu , Mohan Shen , Ayed Al Sayem , Hong X. Tang

Quantum networks will enable a variety of applications, from secure communication and precision measurements to distributed quantum computing. Storing photonic qubits and controlling their frequency, bandwidth and retrieval time are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Ioana Craiciu , Mi Lei , Jake Rochman , John G. Bartholomew , Andrei Faraon

We present a scheme to realize two-direction optical switch by a single-mode optical cavity containing some four-level atoms. The high switching efficiency can be obtained through low photon loss and large third-order nonlinear…

Optics · Physics 2018-07-04 Miaodi Guo , Xuemei Su

Superconducting quantum processors have made significant progress in size and computing potential. However, the practical cryogenic limitations of operating large numbers of superconducting qubits are becoming a bottleneck for further…

Spins in solids are an ideal candidate to act as a memory and interface with superconducting qubits due to their long coherence times. We spectroscopically investigate erbium-167-doped yttrium orthosilicate as a possible microwave-addressed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-02 Jelena V. Rakonjac , Yu-Hui Chen , Sebastian P. Horvath , Jevon J. Longdell

We perform a numerical and analytical investigation of microwave-to-optical conversion based on four-wave mixing in Rydberg atoms. Our work demonstrates that both all-resonant and off-resonant frequency-mixing configurations achieve…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Ning Ji , Yanzhao Liang , Wanrang Yu , Qiuyu Yin , Thibault Vogt

Fiber optic communication is the backbone of our modern information society, offering high bandwidth, low loss, weight, size and cost, as well as an immunity to electromagnetic interference. Microwave photonics lends these advantages to…

Quantum communications technologies require a network of quantum processors connected with low loss and low noise communication channels capable of distributing entangled states. Superconducting microwave qubits operating in cryogenic…

The hyperfine structure of the ground state of erbium doped yttrium orthosilicate is analyzed with the use of electron paramagnetic resonance experiments in a tunable microwave resonator. This work was prompted by the disagreement between…

A quantum internet, where widely separated quantum devices are coherently connected, is a fundamental vision for local and global quantum information networks and processing. Superconducting quantum devices can now perform sophisticated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-02 Keyu Xia , Michael R. Vanner , Jason Twamley

A Rydberg superheterodyne sensing architecture is demonstrated in which a self-sustained oscillator (SSO) serves as a dynamically perturbed local oscillator (LO) for microwave detection. The SSO is realized by a phase-controlled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Darmindra Arumugam

Bidirectional conversion of electrical and optical signals lies at the foundation of the global internet. Such converters are employed at repeater stations to extend the reach of long-haul fiber optic communication systems and within data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-29 Mohammad Mirhosseini , Alp Sipahigil , Mahmoud Kalaee , Oskar Painter

Quantum transduction between microwave and optical photons plays a key role in quantum communication among remote qubits. Although the quantum transduction schemes generating communication photons have been successfully demonstrated by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Byunggi Kim , Hodaka Kurokawa , Katsuta Sakai , Kazuki Koshino , Hideo Kosaka , Masahiro Nomura

Electro-optic modulation is central to classical optical communications and emerging quantum technologies. High-confinement optomechanical crystal modulators enable microwave-optical transduction through strong optomechanical interactions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Paul Burger , Joey Frey , Johan Kolvik , Mads B. Kristensen , Raphaël van Laer

Efficient and coherent conversion between microwave and optical signals is crucial for a wide range of applications, from quantum information processing to microwave photonics and radar systems. However, existing conversion techniques rely…

Ion trap system is a leading candidate for quantum network privileged by its long coherence time, high-fidelity gate operations, and the ion-photon entanglement that generates an ideal pair of a stationary memory qubit and a flying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Seungwoo Yu , Kyungmin Lee , Sumin Park , Kyunghye Kim , Junhong Goo , Jeonghyun Park , Taehyun Kim

Quantum transduction, the process of converting quantum signals from one form of energy to another, is an important area of quantum science and technology. The present perspective article reviews quantum transduction between microwave and…

We report on the implementation of quantum state tomography for an ensemble of Eu$^{3+}$ dopant ions in a \YSO crystal. The tomography was applied to a qubit based on one of the ion's optical transitions. The qubit was manipulated using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 J. J. Longdell , M. J. Sellars

Future quantum networks in which superconducting quantum processors are connected via optical links, will require microwave-to-optical photon converters that preserve entanglement. A doubly-resonant electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a…

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