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In this paper, we present a safe deep reinforcement learning system for automated driving. The proposed framework leverages merits of both rule-based and learning-based approaches for safety assurance. Our safety system consists of two…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-24 Ali Baheri , Subramanya Nageshrao , H. Eric Tseng , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Anouck Girard , Dimitar Filev

Imitation learning is becoming more and more successful for autonomous driving. End-to-end (raw signal to command) performs well on relatively simple tasks (lane keeping and navigation). Mid-to-mid (environment abstraction to mid-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Thibault Buhet , Emilie Wirbel , Xavier Perrotton

We demonstrate the first application of deep reinforcement learning to autonomous driving. From randomly initialised parameters, our model is able to learn a policy for lane following in a handful of training episodes using a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Alex Kendall , Jeffrey Hawke , David Janz , Przemyslaw Mazur , Daniele Reda , John-Mark Allen , Vinh-Dieu Lam , Alex Bewley , Amar Shah

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) is anticipated to exhibit higher sample efficiency compared to model-free RL by utilizing a virtual environment model. However, it is challenging to obtain sufficiently accurate representations of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Zihao Sheng , Zilin Huang , Sikai Chen

Current end-to-end autonomous driving models are fundamentally constrained by the behavioral cloning ceiling of imitation learning. While reinforcement learning offers a path to smarter autonomy, it demands two missing pieces of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yang Wu , Qiang Meng , Zhaojiang Liu , Youquan Liu , Jian Yang , Jin Xie

Decision making in dense traffic can be challenging for autonomous vehicles. An autonomous system only relying on predefined road priorities and considering other drivers as moving objects will cause the vehicle to freeze and fail the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Maxime Bouton , Alireza Nakhaei , Kikuo Fujimura , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

With the development of state-of-art deep reinforcement learning, we can efficiently tackle continuous control problems. But the deep reinforcement learning method for continuous control is based on historical data, which would make…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-12-02 Xi Xiong , Jianqiang Wang , Fang Zhang , Keqiang Li

Autonomous navigation in dense traffic scenarios remains challenging for autonomous vehicles (AVs) because the intentions of other drivers are not directly observable and AVs have to deal with a wide range of driving behaviors. To maneuver…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Bruno Brito , Achin Agarwal , Javier Alonso-Mora

Motion prediction is critical for autonomous vehicles to effectively navigate complex environments and accurately anticipate the behaviors of other traffic participants. As autonomous driving continues to evolve, the need to assimilate new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Boqi Li , Haojie Zhu , Henry X. Liu

This paper presents a novel model-reference reinforcement learning algorithm for the intelligent tracking control of uncertain autonomous surface vehicles with collision avoidance. The proposed control algorithm combines a conventional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Qingrui Zhang , Wei Pan , Vasso Reppa

The common pipeline in autonomous driving systems is highly modular and includes a perception component which extracts lists of surrounding objects and passes these lists to a high-level decision component. In this case, leveraging the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Maria Huegle , Gabriel Kalweit , Moritz Werling , Joschka Boedecker

Urban autonomous driving in the presence of pedestrians as vulnerable road users is still a challenging and less examined research problem. This work formulates navigation in urban environments as a multi objective reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Niranjan Deshpande , Dominique Vaufreydaz , Anne Spalanzani

In autonomous driving, traditional Computer Vision (CV) agents often struggle in unfamiliar situations due to biases in the training data. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents address this by learning from experience and maximizing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Bhargava Uppuluri , Anjel Patel , Neil Mehta , Sridhar Kamath , Pratyush Chakraborty

Autonomous driving promises to transform road transport. Multi-vehicle and multi-lane scenarios, however, present unique challenges due to constrained navigation and unpredictable vehicle interactions. Learning-based methods---such as deep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Rupert Mitchell , Jenny Fletcher , Jacopo Panerati , Amanda Prorok

Safe and efficient autonomous driving maneuvers in an interactive and complex environment can be considerably challenging due to the unpredictable actions of other surrounding agents that may be cooperative or adversarial in their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Pin Wang , Ching-Yao Chan , Hanhan Li

In this paper, we discuss the development and deployment of a robust autonomous system capable of performing various tasks in the maritime domain under unknown dynamic conditions. We investigate a data-driven approach based on modular…

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) rely on individual perception systems to navigate safely. However, these systems face significant challenges in adverse weather conditions, complex road geometries, and dense traffic scenarios. Cooperative…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ahmad Sarlak , Rahul Amin , Abolfazl Razi

Achieving both safety guarantees and real-time performance in cooperative vehicle coordination remains a fundamental challenge, particularly in dynamic and uncertain environments. Existing methods often suffer from insufficient uncertainty…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Haojie Bai , Tingting Zhang , Cong Guo , Yang Wang , Xiongwei Zhao , Hai Zhu

Autonomous vehicles deployed in remote environments typically rely on embedded processors, compact batteries, and lightweight sensors. These hardware limitations conflict with the need to derive robust representations of the environment,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Timothy K Johnsen , Marco Levorato

The connectivity aspect of connected autonomous vehicles (CAV) is beneficial because it facilitates dissemination of traffic-related information to vehicles through Vehicle-to-External (V2X) communication. Onboard sensing equipment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Jiqian Dong , Sikai Chen , Yujie Li , Runjia Du , Aaron Steinfeld , Samuel Labi