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An $integral$ of a group $G$ is a group $H$ whose derived group (commutator subgroup) is isomorphic to $G$. This paper discusses integrals of groups, and in particular questions about which groups have integrals and how big or small those…

In 2011, a topic containing the concepts of upper and lower periodic subsets of (basic) algebraic structures was introduced and studied. The concept of ``upper periodic subsets'' can be considered as a generalized topic of ideals and…

Let C be a commutative noetherian domain, G be a finitely generated abelian group which acts on C and B = C#G be the skew group ring. For a prime ideal I in C, we study the largest subring of B in which the right ideal IB becomes a…

In the set of continuous functions C(X,Y) where Y has a topology close to being discrete, there is an equivalence relation on X which characterizes the quasi-components of X. If Y satisfies weak algebraic conditions with a single binary…

A central question in mathematics and computer science is the question of determining whether a given ideal $I$ is prime, which geometrically corresponds to the zero set of $I$, denoted $Z(I)$, being irreducible. The case of principal…

We prove that a nonempty subset $B$ of a regular hypersemigroup $H$ is a bi-ideal of $H$ if and only if it is represented in the form $B=A*C$ where $A$ is a right ideal and $C$ a left ideal of $H$. We also show that an hypersemigroup $H$ is…

We introduce the concept of relational depth of a finite semigroup $S$ whose $J$-classes form a chain. It captures how far down in the ideal structure one is obliged to go in order to define the semigroup by generators and defining…

We develop the representation theory of a finite semigroup over an arbitrary commutative semiring with unit, in particular classifying the irreducible and minimal representations. The results for an arbitrary semiring are as good as the…

We consider ideals in a polynomial ring that are generated by regular sequences of homogeneous polynomials and are stable under the action of the symmetric group permuting the variables. In previous work, we determined the possible…

The purpose of this paper is to study the generalization of inverse semigroups (without order). An ordered semigroup S is called an inverse ordered semigroup if for every a 2 S, any two inverses of a are H-related. We prove that an ordered…

We study zero divisors and minimal prime ideals in semirings of characteristic one. Thereafter we find a counterexample to the most obvious version of primary decomposition, but are able to establish a weaker version. Lastly, we study…

For a submodule $N$ of an $R$-module $M$, a unique product of prime ideals in $R$ is assigned, which is called the generalized prime ideal factorization of $N$ in $M$, and denoted as ${\mathcal{P}}_M(N)$. But for a product of prime ideals…

Injective modules play an important role in characterizing different classes of rings (e.g. Noetherian rings, semisimple rings). Some semirings have no non-zero injective semimodules (e.g. the semiring of non-negative integers). In this…

Let (G, *) be a semigroup, D subset of G, and n >= 2 be an integer. We say that (D, *) is an n-closed subset of G if a_1* ... *a_n in D for every a_1, ..., a_n in D. Hence every closed set is a 2-closed set. The concept of n-closed sets…

We describe some basic facts about the weak subintegral closure of ideals in both the algebraic and complex-analytic settings. We focus on the analogy between results on the integral closure of ideals and modules and the weak subintegral…

In this article, we give some characterization results offuzzy left(right) ideals, fuzzy generalized bi-ideals and -fuzzy bi-ideals of an LA-semigroup. We also give some characterizations of LA-semigroups by the properties of fuzzy ideals.

Let $R$ be a noncommutative ring, and let $S$ be an $m$-system of $R$. In this paper, we give more results on the concept of almost prime (right) ideals, that were introduced by the first two authors, especially in (right) $S$-unital rings,…

Various classes of hyperideals have been studied in many papers in order to let us fully understand the structures of hyperrings in general. The purpose of this paper is the study of some hyperideals whose concept is created on the basis of…

Let S be an m-system of a ring R, and P a submodule of a right R-module M. This paper, presents the notion of S-prime submodule and provides some properties and equivalent definitions. We define S-multiplication right module, and prove that…

Let $B$ be a reduced local (Noetherian) ring with maximal ideal $M$. Suppose that $B$ contains the rationals, $B/M$ is uncountable and $|B| = |B/M|$. Let the minimal prime ideals of $B$ be partitioned into $m \geq 1$ subcollections $C_1,…