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Related papers: On the Evaluation Metrics for Paraphrase Generatio…

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Paraphrasing exemplifies the ability to abstract semantic content from surface forms. Recent work on automatic paraphrasing is dominated by methods leveraging Machine Translation (MT) as an intermediate step. This contrasts with humans, who…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Aurko Roy , David Grangier

Automatic evaluation of generated textual content presents an ongoing challenge within the field of NLP. Given the impressive capabilities of modern language models (LMs) across diverse NLP tasks, there is a growing trend to employ these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yiqi Liu , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Chenghua Lin

The majority of NLG evaluation relies on automatic metrics, such as BLEU . In this paper, we motivate the need for novel, system- and data-independent automatic evaluation methods: We investigate a wide range of metrics, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Jekaterina Novikova , Ondřej Dušek , Amanda Cercas Curry , Verena Rieser

Paraphrase generation is a longstanding NLP task that has diverse applications for downstream NLP tasks. However, the effectiveness of existing efforts predominantly relies on large amounts of golden labeled data. Though unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Kaize Ding , Dingcheng Li , Alexander Hanbo Li , Xing Fan , Chenlei Guo , Yang Liu , Huan Liu

When faced with a large number of product reviews, it is not clear that a human can remember all of them and weight opinions representatively to write a good reference summary. We propose an automatic metric to test the prevalence of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Christopher Malon

The quality of a summarization evaluation metric is quantified by calculating the correlation between its scores and human annotations across a large number of summaries. Currently, it is unclear how precise these correlation estimates are,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Daniel Deutsch , Rotem Dror , Dan Roth

A reliable and comprehensive evaluation metric that aligns with manual preference assessments is crucial for conversational head video synthesis methods development. Existing quantitative evaluations often fail to capture the full…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Mohan Zhou , Yalong Bai , Wei Zhang , Ting Yao , Tiejun Zhao , Tao Mei

Similes play an imperative role in creative writing such as story and dialogue generation. Proper evaluation metrics are like a beacon guiding the research of simile generation (SG). However, it remains under-explored as to what criteria…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Qianyu He , Yikai Zhang , Jiaqing Liang , Yuncheng Huang , Yanghua Xiao , Yunwen Chen

Abstractive summarization approaches based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) have recently been proposed to overcome classical likelihood maximization. RL enables to consider complex, possibly non-differentiable, metrics that globally assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Thomas Scialom , Sylvain Lamprier , Benjamin Piwowarski , Jacopo Staiano

Explainability is widely regarded as essential for trustworthy artificial intelligence systems. However, the metrics commonly used to evaluate counterfactual explanations are algorithmic evaluation metrics that are rarely validated against…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Felix Liedeker , Basil Ell , Philipp Cimiano , Christoph Düsing

Interpretability and efficiency are two important considerations for the adoption of neural automatic metrics. In this work, we develop strong-performing automatic metrics for reference-based summarization evaluation, based on a two-stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yixin Liu , Alexander R. Fabbri , Yilun Zhao , Pengfei Liu , Shafiq Joty , Chien-Sheng Wu , Caiming Xiong , Dragomir Radev

Conventional automatic evaluation metrics, such as BLEU and ROUGE, developed for natural language generation (NLG) tasks, are based on measuring the n-gram overlap between the generated and reference text. These simple metrics may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zifan Wang , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

In the paraphrase generation task, source sentences often contain phrases that should not be altered. Which phrases, however, can be context dependent and can vary by application. Our solution to this challenge is to provide the user with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Mohan Zhang , Luchen Tan , Zhengkai Tu , Zihang Fu , Kun Xiong , Ming Li , Jimmy Lin

Automatic readability assessment plays a key role in ensuring effective and accessible written communication. Despite significant progress, the field is hindered by inconsistent definitions of readability and measurements that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Catarina G Belem , Parker Glenn , Alfy Samuel , Anoop Kumar , Daben Liu

With the recent advances of open-domain story generation, the lack of reliable automatic evaluation metrics becomes an increasingly imperative issue that hinders the fast development of story generation. According to conducted researches in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Sarik Ghazarian , Zixi Liu , Akash SM , Ralph Weischedel , Aram Galstyan , Nanyun Peng

Despite the significant advancements in keyphrase extraction and keyphrase generation methods, the predominant approach for evaluation mainly relies on exact matching with human references. This scheme fails to recognize systems that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Di Wu , Da Yin , Kai-Wei Chang

Evaluating Natural Language Generation (NLG) is crucial for the practical adoption of AI, but has been a longstanding research challenge. While human evaluation is considered the de-facto standard, it is expensive and lacks scalability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Maria Paz Oliva , Adriana Correia , Ivan Vankov , Viktor Botev

Language enables humans to share knowledge, reason about the world, and pass on strategies for survival and innovation across generations. At the heart of this process is not just the ability to communicate but also the remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jan Philip Wahle

Traditional automatic evaluation measures for natural language generation (NLG) use costly human-authored references to estimate the quality of a system output. In this paper, we propose a referenceless quality estimation (QE) approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Ondřej Dušek , Jekaterina Novikova , Verena Rieser

Question answering (QA) systems are sensitive to the many different ways natural language expresses the same information need. In this paper we turn to paraphrases as a means of capturing this knowledge and present a general framework which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Li Dong , Jonathan Mallinson , Siva Reddy , Mirella Lapata