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Ransomware attacks have increased significantly in recent years, causing great destruction and damage to critical systems and business operations. Attackers are unfailingly finding innovative ways to bypass detection mechanisms,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Avinash Singh , Richard Adeyemi Ikuesan , Hein Venter

Ransomware impact different organizations for years, it causes huge monetary, reputation loss and operation impact. Other than typical data encryption by ransomware, attackers can request ransom from the victim organizations via data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Anthony Cheuk Tung Lai , Ping Fan Ke , Alan Ho

Ransomware, a type of malicious software that encrypts a victim's files and only releases the cryptographic key once a ransom is paid, has emerged as a potentially devastating class of cybercrimes in the past few years. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Florian Quinkert , Thorsten Holz , KSM Tozammel Hossain , Emilio Ferrara , Kristina Lerman

The increasing sophistication of encryption-based ransomware has demanded innovative approaches to detection and mitigation, prompting the development of a hierarchical framework grounded in probabilistic cryptographic analysis. By focusing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kevin Pekepok , Persephone Kirkwood , Esme Christopolous , Florence Braithwaite , Oliver Nightingale

Traditional techniques to prevent damage from ransomware attacks are to detect and block attacks by monitoring the known behaviors such as frequent name changes, recurring access to cryptographic libraries and exchange keys with remote…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Jinwoo Ahn , Donggyu Park , Chang-Gyu Lee , Donghyun Min , Junghee Lee , Sungyong Park , Qian Chen , Youngjae Kim

Ransomware is a malicious class of software that utilises encryption to implement an attack on system availability. The target's data remains encrypted and is held captive by the attacker until a ransom demand is met. A common approach used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Simon R Davies , Richard Macfarlane , William J. Buchanan

Ransomware attacks have caused billions of dollars in damages in recent years, and are expected to cause billions more in the future. Consequently, significant effort has been devoted to ransomware detection and mitigation. Behavioral-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Dorjan Hitaj , Giulio Pagnotta , Fabio De Gaspari , Lorenzo De Carli , Luigi V. Mancini

Memory was captured from a system infected by ransomware and its contents was examined using live forensic tools, with the intent of identifying the symmetric encryption keys being used. NotPetya, Bad Rabbit and Phobos hybrid ransomware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Simon R. Davies , Richard Macfarlane , William J. Buchanan

Ransomware can produce direct and controllable economic loss, which makes it one of the most prominent threats in cyber security. As per the latest statistics, more than half of malwares reported in Q1 of 2017 are ransomware and there is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Manaar Alam , Sarani Bhattacharya , Debdeep Mukhopadhyay , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Bitcoin cryptocurrency system enables users to transact securely and pseudo-anonymously by using an arbitrary number of aliases (Bitcoin addresses). Cybercriminals exploit these characteristics to commit immutable and presumably untraceable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Mauro Conti , Ankit Gangwal , Sushmita Ruj

The threat from ransomware continues to grow both in the number of affected victims as well as the cost incurred by the people and organisations impacted in a successful attack. In the majority of cases, once a victim has been attacked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Simon R Davies , Richard Macfarlane , William J Buchanan

Crypto-Ransomware has been increasing in sophistication since it first appeared in September 2013, leveraging new attack vectors, incorporating advanced encryption algorithms, and expanding the number of file types it targets. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Vadim Kotov , Mantej Rajpal

The rapid evolution of encryption-based threats has rendered conventional detection mechanisms increasingly ineffective against sophisticated attack strategies. Monitoring entropy variations across hierarchical system levels offers an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hayden Srynn , Gilbert Pomeroy , Florence Lytton , Godfrey Ashcombe , Valentine Harcourt , Duncan Pettigrew

Cybersecurity solutions have shown promising performance when detecting ransomware samples that use fixed algorithms and encryption rates. However, due to the current explosion of Artificial Intelligence (AI), sooner than later, ransomware…

Encryption ransomware has become a notorious malware. It encrypts user data on storage devices like solid-state drives (SSDs) and demands a ransom to restore data for users. To bypass existing defenses, ransomware would keep evolving and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Benjamin Reidys , Peng Liu , Jian Huang

Ransomware has emerged as a persistent cybersecurity threat,leveraging robust encryption schemes that often remain unbroken even after public disclosure of source code. Motivated by the technical resilience of such mechanisms, this paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Jiahui Shang , Luning Zhang , Zhongxiang Zheng

Ransomware (RW) presents a significant and widespread threat in the digital landscape, necessitating effective countermeasures. Active cyber deception is a promising strategy to thwart RW and limiting its propagation by misleading it with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Md Sajidul Islam Sajid , Jinpeng Wei , Ehab Al-Shaer

Proliferation of cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin) that allow pseudo-anonymous transactions, has made it easier for ransomware developers to demand ransom by encrypting sensitive user data. The recently revealed strikes of ransomware attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Cuneyt Gurcan Akcora , Yitao Li , Yulia R. Gel , Murat Kantarcioglu

Ransomware attacks continue to wreak havoc across the globe, with public reports of total ransomware payments topping billions of dollars annually. While the use of cryptocurrency presents an avenue to understand the tactics of ransomware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Jack Cable , Ian W. Gray , Damon McCoy

In the area of information technology, cybersecurity is critical. Information security is one of todays highest priorities. Cyber attacks, which are on the rise and include Ransomware, are the first thing that springs to mind when we think…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shweta Vasoya , Krishna Bhavsar , Nishtha Patel