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Phase change memory (PCM) has recently emerged as a promising technology to meet the fast growing demand for large capacity memory in computer systems, replacing DRAM that is impeded by physical limitations. Multi-level cell (MLC) PCM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Seyed Mohammad Seyedzadeh , Alex K. Jones , Rami Melhem

Transformer models have demonstrated high accuracy in numerous applications but have high complexity and lack sequential processing capability making them ill-suited for many streaming applications at the edge where devices are heavily…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Zeyu Liu , Gourav Datta , Anni Li , Peter Anthony Beerel

ATM-Net is a novel neural network architecture tailored for energy-harvested IoT devices, integrating adaptive termination points with multi-precision computing. It dynamically adjusts computational precision (32/8/4-bit) and network depth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Neeraj Solanki , Sepehr Tabrizchi , Samin Sohrabi , Jason Schmidt , Arman Roohi

Implementing embedded neural network processing at the edge requires efficient hardware acceleration that couples high computational performance with low power consumption. Driven by the rapid evolution of network architectures and their…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Petar Jokic , Erfan Azarkhish , Andrea Bonetti , Marc Pons , Stephane Emery , Luca Benini

The quadratic complexity and indefinitely growing key-value (KV) cache of standard Transformers pose a major barrier to long-context processing. To overcome this, we introduce the Collaborative Memory Transformer (CoMeT), a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Runsong Zhao , Shilei Liu , Jiwei Tang , Langming Liu , Haibin Chen , Weidong Zhang , Yujin Yuan , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Existing deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) generate massive interlayer feature data during network inference. To maintain real-time processing in embedded systems, large on-chip memory is required to buffer the interlayer feature…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Zhuang Shao , Xiaoliang Chen , Li Du , Lei Chen , Yuan Du , Wei Zhuang , Huadong Wei , Chenjia Xie , Zhongfeng Wang

Transformers have been established as the de-facto backbones for most recent advances in sequence modeling, mainly due to their growing memory capacity that scales with the context length. While plausible for retrieval tasks, it causes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Behrouz , Zeman Li , Yuan Deng , Peilin Zhong , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

In the field of medical CT image processing, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been the dominant technique.Encoder-decoder CNNs utilise locality for efficiency, but they cannot simulate distant pixel interactions properly.Recent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-03 Hongyang He , Feng Ziliang , Yuanhang Zheng , Shudong Huang , HaoBing Gao

Transformer architectures have emerged as promising deep learning (DL) tools for modeling complex sequence-to-sequence interactions in channel decoding. However, current transformer-based decoders for error correction codes (ECCs)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Hongzhi Zhu , Wei Xu , Xiaohu You

As the semiconductor manufacturing process technology node shrinks into the nanometer-scale, the CMOS-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) face big challenges in scalability of performance and power consumption. Multi-walled Carbon…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Siyuan Lu , Kangwei Xu , Peng Xie , Rui Wang , Yuanqing Cheng

Modern large language model workloads put increasing demands on parallel compute capability and on-chip memory capacity, while also stressing fine-grained data movement and synchronization. These trends motivate exploring and designing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yinrong Li , Zexin Fu , Yichao Zhang , Germain Haugou , Chi Zhang , Marco Bertuletti , Bowen Wang , Luca Benini

Prior studies have shown that the retention time of the non-volatile spin-transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) can be relaxed in order to reduce STT-RAM's write energy and latency. However, since different applications may require different…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Dhruv Gajaria , Kyle Kuan , Tosiron Adegbija

Looped Transformers (LT) have emerged as a powerful architecture by iterating their layers multiple times before decoding the final token. However, pairing them with full attention retains quadratic complexity, making them computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chunyuan Deng , Yizhe Zhang , Rui-Jie Zhu , Yuanyuan Xu , Jiarui Liu , T. S. Eugene Ng , Hanjie Chen

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a special class of recurrent neural network, which has shown remarkable successes in processing sequential data. The typical architecture of an LSTM involves a set of states and gates: the states retain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Arash Ardakani , Zhengyun Ji , Warren J. Gross

Over the last few years, neural image compression has gained wide attention from research and industry, yielding promising end-to-end deep neural codecs outperforming their conventional counterparts in rate-distortion performance. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Ahmed Ghorbel , Wassim Hamidouche , Luce Morin

This paper addresses the challenge of creating a neural architecture for very long sequences that requires constant time for processing new information at each time step. Our approach, Associative Recurrent Memory Transformer (ARMT), is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ivan Rodkin , Yuri Kuratov , Aydar Bulatov , Mikhail Burtsev

Transformer-based models have achieved dominant performance in numerous NLP tasks. Despite their remarkable successes, pre-trained transformers such as BERT suffer from a computationally expensive self-attention mechanism that interacts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jungmin Yun , Mihyeon Kim , Youngbin Kim

With the increasing reliance of users on smart devices, bringing essential computation at the edge has become a crucial requirement for any type of business. Many such computations utilize Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) to perform AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Tanmay Jain , Avaneesh , Rohit Verma , Rajeev Shorey

Semantic segmentation is the task to cluster pixels on an image belonging to the same class. It is widely used in the real-world applications including autonomous driving, medical imaging analysis, industrial inspection, smartphone camera…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Baohua Sun , Weixiong Lin , Hao Sha , Jiapeng Su

In cloud and edge computing models, it is important that compute devices at the edge be as power efficient as possible. Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks have been widely used for natural language processing, time series…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Wen Ma , Pi-Feng Chiu , Won Ho Choi , Minghai Qin , Daniel Bedau , Martin Lueker-Boden