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Open Information Extraction (OpenIE) aims to extract structured relational tuples (subject, relation, object) from sentences and plays critical roles for many downstream NLP applications. Existing solutions perform extraction at sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Kuicai Dong , Yilin Zhao , Aixin Sun , Jung-Jae Kim , Xiaoli Li

Exhaustively evaluating many large language models (LLMs) on a large suite of benchmarks is expensive. We cast benchmarking as finite-population inference and, under a fixed query budget, seek tight confidence intervals (CIs) for model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Skyler Wu , Yash Nair , Emmanuel J. Candès

While many active learning papers assume that the learner can simply ask for a label and receive it, real annotation often presents a mismatch between the form of a label (say, one among many classes), and the form of an annotation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Peiyun Hu , Zachary C. Lipton , Anima Anandkumar , Deva Ramanan

We describe a formal model for annotating linguistic artifacts, from which we derive an application programming interface (API) to a suite of tools for manipulating these annotations. The abstract logical model provides for a range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Steven Bird , David Day , John Garofolo , John Henderson , Christophe Laprun , Mark Liberman

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) remain highly vulnerable to textual and visual jailbreaks, as well as prompt injections (arXiv:2307.15043, Greshake et al., 2023, arXiv:2306.13213). Existing defenses often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Guy Azov , Ofer Rivlin , Guy Shtar

The proliferation of fake news across diverse domains highlights critical limitations in current detection systems, which often exhibit narrow domain specificity and poor generalization. Existing cross-domain approaches face two key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Esma Aïmeur , Gilles Brassard , Dorsaf Sallami

While recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) language models demonstrate cutting-edge performance when working with English texts, equivalent models do not exist in other languages or do not reach the same performance level.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Noga Mudrik , Adam S. Charles

Intelligent systems for the annotation of media content are increasingly being used for the automation of parts of social science research. In this domain the problem of integrating various Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms into a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Ilias Flaounas , Thomas Lansdall-Welfare , Panagiota Antonakaki , Nello Cristianini

Supervised machine learning has become the cornerstone of today's data-driven society, increasing the need for labeled data. However, the process of acquiring labels is often expensive and tedious. One possible remedy is to use active…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Josip Jukić , Fran Jelenić , Miroslav Bićanić , Jan Šnajder

The paucity of labeled data is a typical challenge in the automotive industry. Annotating time-series measurements requires solid domain knowledge and in-depth exploratory data analysis, which implies a high labeling effort. Conventional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yuqicheng Zhu , Mohamed-Ali Tnani , Timo Jahnz , Klaus Diepold

Active learning (AL) is a machine learning (ML) approach that strategically selects the most informative samples for annotation during training, aiming to minimize annotation costs. This strategy not only reduces labeling expenses but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Cédric Jung , Shirin Salehi , Anke Schmeink

Annotation tools are the starting point for creating Natural Language Processing (NLP) datasets. There is a wide variety of tools available; setting up these tools is however a hindrance. We propose EEVEE, an annotation tool focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Axel Sorensen , Siyao Peng , Barbara Plank , Rob van der Goot

When tasked with supporting multiple languages for a given problem, two approaches have arisen: training a model for each language with the annotation budget divided equally among them, and training on a high-resource language followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Joel Ruben Antony Moniz , Barun Patra , Matthew R. Gormley

Active Learning (AL) has garnered significant interest across various application domains where labeling training data is costly. AL provides a framework that helps practitioners query informative samples for annotation by oracles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Pouya Ahadi , Blair Winograd , Camille Zaug , Karunesh Arora , Lijun Wang , Kamran Paynabar

Information extraction from handwritten documents involves traditionally three distinct steps: Document Layout Analysis, Handwritten Text Recognition, and Named Entity Recognition. Recent approaches have attempted to integrate these steps…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Thomas Constum , Pierrick Tranouez , Thierry Paquet

Speech Emotion Recognition models typically use single categorical labels, overlooking the inherent ambiguity of human emotions. Ambiguous Emotion Recognition addresses this by representing emotions as probability distributions, but…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Wenda Zhang , Hongyu Jin , Siyi Wang , Zhiqiang Wei , Ting Dang

Speculative decoding is widely adopted to reduce latency in large language model (LLM) inference by leveraging smaller draft models capable of handling diverse user tasks. However, emerging AI applications, such as LLM-based agents, present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Gabriele Oliaro , Zhihao Jia , Daniel Campos , Aurick Qiao

Training machine learning models for classification tasks often requires labeling numerous samples, which is costly and time-consuming, especially in time series analysis. This research investigates Active Learning (AL) strategies to reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Shemonto Das

We introduce LLM SELECTOR, the first framework for active model selection of Large Language Models (LLMs). Unlike prior evaluation and benchmarking approaches that rely on fully annotated datasets, LLM SELECTOR efficiently identifies the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yavuz Durmazkeser , Patrik Okanovic , Andreas Kirsch , Torsten Hoefler , Nezihe Merve Gürel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama
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