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A class of data-driven control methods has recently emerged based on Willems' fundamental lemma. Such methods can ease the modelling burden in control design but can be sensitive to disturbances acting on the system under control. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-06 Edward O'Dwyer , Eric C. Kerrigan , Paola Falugi , Marta A. Zagorowska , Nilay Shah

In this paper, we present a data-driven distributed model predictive control (MPC) scheme to stabilise the origin of dynamically coupled discrete-time linear systems subject to decoupled input constraints. The local optimisation problems…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-14 Matthias Köhler , Julian Berberich , Matthias A. Müller , Frank Allgöwer

This paper studies finite-horizon robust tracking control for discrete-time linear systems, based on input-output data. We leverage behavioral theory to represent system trajectories through a set of noiseless historical data, instead of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Liang Xu , Mustafa Sahin Turan , Baiwei Guo , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate

Descriptor systems arise naturally in real-world applications governed by algebraic constraints, such as power networks, robotics and chemical processes. When a descriptor model contains a nontrivial nilpotent block, the discrete-time…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Yunxiang Ma , Yibo Wang , Zhongmei Li , Chao Shang

Recently proposed data-driven predictive control schemes for LTI systems use non-parametric representations based on the image of a Hankel matrix of previously collected, persistently exciting, input-output data. Persistence of excitation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-07 Mohammad Alsalti , Manuel Barkey , Victor G. Lopez , Matthias A. Müller

Koopman operator theory and Willems' fundamental lemma both can provide (approximated) data-driven linear representation for nonlinear systems. However, choosing lifting functions for the Koopman operator is challenging, and the quality of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Xu Shang , Jorge Cortés , Yang Zheng

In this paper, we present a data-driven model predictive control (MPC) scheme that is capable of stabilizing unknown linear time-invariant systems under the influence of process disturbances. To this end, Willems' lemma is used to predict…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-15 Christian Klöppelt , Julian Berberich , Frank Allgöwer , Matthias A. Müller

In this paper, we deal with data-driven predictive control of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. Specifically, we show for the first time how explicit predictive laws can be learnt directly from data, without needing to identify the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-14 Andrea Sassella , Valentina Breschi , Simone Formentin

Willems' fundamental lemma uses a key decision variable $g$ to combine measured input-output data and describe trajectories of a linear time-invariant system. In this paper, we ask: what is a good choice for this vector $g$ when the system…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Aihui Liu , Magnus Jansson

This paper develops a data-driven stabilization method for continuous-time linear time-invariant systems with theoretical guarantees and no need for signal derivatives. The framework, based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-01 Alessandro Bosso , Marco Borghesi , Andrea Iannelli , Giuseppe Notarstefano , Andrew R. Teel

This work focuses on developing a data-driven framework using Koopman operator theory for system identification and linearization of nonlinear systems for control. Our proposed method presents a deep learning framework with recursive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-11 Madhur Tiwari , George Nehma , Bethany Lusch

Recently, various algorithms for data-driven simulation and control have been proposed based on the Willems' fundamental lemma. However, when collected data are noisy, these methods lead to ill-conditioned data-driven model structures. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-20 Mingzhou Yin , Andrea Iannelli , Roy S. Smith

Willems' fundamental lemma and system level synthesis both characterize a linear dynamic system by its input/output sequences. In this work, we extend the application of the fundamental lemma from deterministic to uncertain LTI systems and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-11 Yinghao Lian , Colin N. Jones

Predictive control, which is based on a model of the system to compute the applied input optimizing the future system behavior, is by now widely used. If the nominal models are not given or are very uncertain, data-driven model predictive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-09 Hoang Hai Nguyen , Maurice Friedel , Rolf Findeisen

For a parameter-unknown linear descriptor system, this paper proposes data-driven methods to testify the system's type and controllability and then to stabilize it. First, a data-based condition is developed to identify whether this unknown…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-03 Jiabao He , Xuan Zhang , Feng Xu , Junbo Tan , Xueqian Wang

Recently, data-enabled predictive control (DeePC) schemes based on Willems' fundamental lemma have attracted considerable attention. At the core are computations using Hankel-like matrices and their connection to the concept of persistency…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Philipp Schmitz , Manuel Schaller , Matthias Voigt , Karl Worthmann

The fundamental lemma by Jan C. Willems and co-workers, which is deeply rooted in behavioral systems theory, has become one of the supporting pillars of the recent progress on data-driven control and system analysis. This tutorial-style…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-01 Timm Faulwasser , Ruchuan Ou , Guanru Pan , Philipp Schmitz , Karl Worthmann

This paper extends the Willems' Fundamental Lemma to nonlinear control-affine systems using the Koopman bilinear realization. This enables us to bypass the Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD)-based system identification step in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Zuxun Xiong , Zhenyi Yuan , Keyan Miao , Han Wang , Jorge Cortes , Antonis Papachristodoulou

Willems et al. showed that all input-output trajectories of a discrete-time linear time-invariant system can be obtained using linear combinations of time shifts of a single, persistently exciting, input-output trajectory of that system. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-01 Mohammad Alsalti , Julian Berberich , Victor G. Lopez , Frank Allgöwer , Matthias A. Müller

Willems et al.'s fundamental lemma asserts that all trajectories of a linear system can be obtained from a single given one, assuming that a persistency of excitation condition holds. This result has profound implications for system…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-08 Henk J. van Waarde , Claudio De Persis , M. Kanat Camlibel , Pietro Tesi