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The edit distance of two strings is the minimum number of insertions, deletions, and substitutions of characters needed to transform one string into the other. The textbook dynamic-programming algorithm computes the edit distance of two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Alejandro Cassis , Tomasz Kociumaka , Philip Wellnitz

Given a set of pattern strings $\mathcal{P}=\{P_1, P_2,\ldots P_k\}$ and a text string $S$, the classic dictionary matching problem is to report all occurrences of each pattern in $S$. We study the dictionary problem in the compressed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Simon J. Puglisi , Simon R. Tarnow

Given a string $T$ on an alphabet of size $\sigma$, we describe a bidirectional Burrows-Wheeler index that takes $O(|T|\log{\sigma})$ bits of space, and that supports the addition \emph{and removal} of one character, on the left or right…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Fabio Cunial , Djamal Belazzougui

Run-Length Encoding (RLE) is one of the most fundamental tools in data compression. However, its compression power drops significantly if there lacks consecutive elements in the sequence. In extreme cases, the output of the encoder may…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Xutan Peng , Yi Zhang , Dejia Peng , Jiafa Zhu

Repeat finding in strings has important applications in subfields such as computational biology. The challenge of finding the longest repeats covering particular string positions was recently proposed and solved by \.{I}leri et al., using a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-01-28 Yun Tian , Bojian Xu

In this paper we show how to use one or more assembled or partially assembled genome as the basis for a compressed full-text index of its readset. Specifically, we build a labelled tree by taking the assembled genome as a trunk and grafting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Travis Gagie , Garance Gourdel , Giovanni Manzini

We propose a new approach for calculating the Lempel-Ziv factorization of a string, based on run length encoding (RLE). We present a conceptually simple off-line algorithm based on a variant of suffix arrays, as well as an on-line algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Jun'ichi Yamamoto , Hideo Bannai , Shunsuke Inenaga , Masayuki Takeda

Efficient communication in wireless networks is typically challenged by the possibility of interference among several transmitting nodes. Much important research has been invested in decreasing the number of collisions in order to obtain…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-08-31 Keren Censor-Hillel , Bernhard Haeupler , Nancy Lynch , Muriel Médard

We show that the compressed suffix array and the compressed suffix tree of a string $T$ can be built in $O(n)$ deterministic time using $O(n\log\sigma)$ bits of space, where $n$ is the string length and $\sigma$ is the alphabet size.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-15 J. Ian Munro , Gonzalo Navarro , Yakov Nekrich

The $r$-index represented a breakthrough in compressed indexing of repetitive text collections, outperforming its alternatives by orders of magnitude in query time. Its space usage, $O(r)$ where $r$ is the number of runs in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Dustin Cobas , Travis Gagie , Gonzalo Navarro

We study the influence of a graph parameter called modular-width on the time complexity for optimally solving well-known polynomial problems such as Maximum Matching, Triangle Counting, and Maximum $s$-$t$ Vertex-Capacitated Flow. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Stefan Kratsch , Florian Nelles

Slow and costly communication is often the main bottleneck in distributed optimization, especially in federated learning where it occurs over wireless networks. We introduce BiCoLoR, a communication-efficient optimization algorithm that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Laurent Condat , Artavazd Maranjyan , Peter Richtárik

The problem of constructing optimal factoring automata arises in the context of unification factoring for the efficient execution of logic programs. Given an ordered set of $n$ strings of length $m$, the problem is to construct a trie-like…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Thomas Erlebach , Kleitos Papadopoulos

Scaling test-time compute is crucial for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Existing approaches typically employ reinforcement learning (RL) to maximize a verifiable reward obtained at the end of reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Penghui Qi , Zichen Liu , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Wee Sun Lee , Min Lin

This paper gives new results for synchronization strings, a powerful combinatorial object that allows to efficiently deal with insertions and deletions in various communication settings: $\bullet$ We give a deterministic, linear time…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Bernhard Haeupler , Amirbehshad Shahrasbi

Despite consistently yielding the best compression on repetitive text collections, the Lempel-Ziv parsing has resisted all attempts at offering relevant guarantees on the cost to access an arbitrary symbol. This makes it less attractive for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Zsuzsanna Lipták , Francesco Masillo , Gonzalo Navarro

Binary jumbled pattern matching asks to preprocess a binary string $S$ in order to answer queries $(i,j)$ which ask for a substring of $S$ that is of length $i$ and has exactly $j$ 1-bits. This problem naturally generalizes to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Travis Gagie , Danny Hermelin , Gad M. Landau , Oren Weimann

In this paper we revisit the classical regular expression matching problem, namely, given a regular expression $R$ and a string $Q$, decide if $Q$ matches one of the strings specified by $R$. Let $m$ and $n$ be the length of $R$ and $Q$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Philip Bille

A string $w$ is called a minimal absent word (MAW) for a string $S$ if $w$ does not occur as a substring in $S$ and all proper substrings of $w$ occur in $S$. MAWs are well-studied combinatorial string objects that have potential…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Kouta Okabe , Takuya Mieno , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai

We show that if DTIME[2^O(n)] is not included in DSPACE[2^o(n)], then, for every set B in PSPACE/poly, all strings x in B of length n can be represented by a string compressed(x) of length at most log(|B^{=n}|)+O(log n), such that a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-04-04 N. V. Vinodchandran , Marius Zimand