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Deep networks are currently the state-of-the-art for sensory perception in autonomous driving and robotics. However, deep models often generate overconfident predictions precluding proper probabilistic interpretation which we argue is due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-25 G. Melotti , C. Premebida , J. J. Bird , D. R. Faria , N. Gonçalves

Object detection in autonomous driving applications implies that the detection and tracking of semantic objects are commonly native to urban driving environments, as pedestrians and vehicles. One of the major challenges in state-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-25 G. Melotti , W. Lu , P. Conde , D. Zhao , A. Asvadi , N. Gonçalves , C. Premebida

For a broad variety of critical applications, it is essential to know how confident a classification prediction is. In this paper, we discuss the drawbacks of softmax to calculate class probabilities and to handle uncertainty in Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Christian Herta , Benjamin Voigt

With an eye towards human-centered automation, we contribute to the development of a systematic means to infer features of human decision-making from behavioral data. Motivated by the common use of softmax selection in models of human…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-09-01 Paul Reverdy , Naomi E. Leonard

Recently, fully-connected and convolutional neural networks have been trained to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a wide variety of tasks such as speech recognition, image classification, natural language processing, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-24 Yichuan Tang

In face recognition, designing margin-based (e.g., angular, additive, additive angular margins) softmax loss functions plays an important role in learning discriminative features. However, these hand-crafted heuristic methods are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Xiaobo Wang , Shuo Wang , Cheng Chi , Shifeng Zhang , Tao Mei

Despite the undeniable progress in visual recognition tasks fueled by deep neural networks, there exists recent evidence showing that these models are poorly calibrated, resulting in over-confident predictions. The standard practices of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Balamurali Murugesan , Bingyuan Liu , Adrian Galdran , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

Ensuring the reliability of automated decision-making based on neural networks will be crucial as Artificial Intelligence systems are deployed more widely in critical situations. This paper proposes a new approach for measuring confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Daniel Sikar , Artur d'Avila Garcez , Tillman Weyde

This work presents a probabilistic deep neural network that combines LiDAR point clouds and RGB camera images for robust, accurate 3D object detection. We explicitly model uncertainties in the classification and regression tasks, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Di Feng , Yifan Cao , Lars Rosenbaum , Fabian Timm , Klaus Dietmayer

Deeply-learned planning methods are often based on learning representations that are optimized for unrelated tasks. For example, they might be trained on reconstructing the environment. These representations are then combined with predictor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Hlynur Davíð Hlynsson , Merlin Schüler , Robin Schiewer , Tobias Glasmachers , Laurenz Wiskott

Softmax is widely used in deep learning to map some representation to a probability distribution. As it is based on exp/log functions that are relatively expensive in multi-party computation, Mohassel and Zhang (2017) proposed a simpler…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Marcel Keller , Ke Sun

The softmax function is a widely used activation function in the output layers of neural networks, responsible for converting raw scores into class probabilities while introducing essential non-linearity. Implementing Softmax efficiently…

Machine learning (ML) classifiers serve as essential tools facilitating classification and prediction across various domains. The performance of these algorithms should be known to ensure their reliable application. In certain fields,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-29 Zahra Rastin , Dirk Söffker

In the field of pattern classification, the training of deep learning classifiers is mostly end-to-end learning, and the loss function is the constraint on the final output (posterior probability) of the network, so the existence of Softmax…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Qiuyu Zhu , Xuewen Zu

We present a novel framework to exploit privileged information for recognition which is provided only during the training phase. Here, we focus on recognition task where images are provided as the main view and soft biometric traits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Seyed Mehdi Iranmanesh , Ali Dabouei , Nasser M. Nasrabadi

Learning systems match predicted scores to observations over some domain. Often, it is critical to produce accurate predictions in some subset (or region) of the domain, yet less important to accurately predict in other regions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Gil I. Shamir , Manfred K. Warmuth

We present unsupervised parameter learning in a Gaussian variational inference setting that combines classic trajectory estimation for mobile robots with deep learning for rich sensor data, all under a single learning objective. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-23 David J. Yoon , Haowei Zhang , Mona Gridseth , Hugues Thomas , Timothy D. Barfoot

Using a layered representation for motion estimation has the advantage of being able to cope with discontinuities and occlusions. In this paper, we learn to estimate optical flow by combining a layered motion representation with deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Xi Zhang , Di Ma , Xu Ouyang , Shanshan Jiang , Lin Gan , Gady Agam

LiDAR sensors are widely used in autonomous driving due to the reliable 3D spatial information. However, the data of LiDAR is sparse and the frequency of LiDAR is lower than that of cameras. To generate denser point clouds spatially and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Xudong Huang , Chunyu Lin , Haojie Liu , Lang Nie , Yao Zhao

Identifying unexpected objects on roads in semantic segmentation (e.g., identifying dogs on roads) is crucial in safety-critical applications. Existing approaches use images of unexpected objects from external datasets or require additional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Sanghun Jung , Jungsoo Lee , Daehoon Gwak , Sungha Choi , Jaegul Choo
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