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Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are an important class of neural networks designed to retain and incorporate context into current decisions. RNNs are particularly well suited for machine learning problems in which context is important,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Mohammad Hossein Samavatian , Anys Bacha , Li Zhou , Radu Teodorescu

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), especially long short-term memory (LSTM) RNNs, are effective network for sequential task like speech recognition. Deeper LSTM models perform well on large vocabulary continuous speech recognition, because…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-22 Xu Tian , Jun Zhang , Zejun Ma , Yi He , Juan Wei , Peihao Wu , Wenchang Situ , Shuai Li , Yang Zhang

In cloud and edge computing models, it is important that compute devices at the edge be as power efficient as possible. Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks have been widely used for natural language processing, time series…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Wen Ma , Pi-Feng Chiu , Won Ho Choi , Minghai Qin , Daniel Bedau , Martin Lueker-Boden

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are state-of-the-art in voice awareness/understanding and speech recognition. On-device computation of RNNs on low-power mobile and wearable devices would be key to applications such as zero-latency…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Francesco Conti , Lukas Cavigelli , Gianna Paulin , Igor Susmelj , Luca Benini

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown excellent performance in processing sequence data. However, they are both complex and memory intensive due to their recursive nature. These limitations make RNNs difficult to embed on mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Arash Ardakani , Zhengyun Ji , Sean C. Smithson , Brett H. Meyer , Warren J. Gross

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are vital for sequential data processing. Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoders (LSTM-AEs) are particularly effective for unsupervised anomaly detection in time-series data. However, inherent sequential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aimilios Leftheriotis , Dimosthenis Masouros , Dimitrios Soudris , George Theodoridis

The use of low numerical precision is a fundamental optimization included in modern accelerators for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). The number of bits of the numerical representation is set to the minimum precision that is able to retain…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-12 Franyell Silfa , Jose-Maria Arnau , Antonio Gonzàlez

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture that has been designed to address the vanishing and exploding gradient problems of conventional RNNs. Unlike feedforward neural networks, RNNs have cyclic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-02-06 Haşim Sak , Andrew Senior , Françoise Beaufays

Long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) are considered state-of-the art in many speech processing tasks. The recurrence in the network, in principle, allows any input to be remembered for an indefinite time, a feature…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-02 Jeroen Zegers , Hugo Van hamme

Using unitary (instead of general) matrices in artificial neural networks (ANNs) is a promising way to solve the gradient explosion/vanishing problem, as well as to enable ANNs to learn long-term correlations in the data. This approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Li Jing , Yichen Shen , Tena Dubček , John Peurifoy , Scott Skirlo , Yann LeCun , Max Tegmark , Marin Soljačić

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as an attractive spatio-temporal computing paradigm for complex vision tasks. However, most existing works yield models that require many time steps and do not leverage the inherent temporal…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Gourav Datta , Haoqin Deng , Robert Aviles , Peter A. Beerel

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural networks (RNNs) rely on gating signals, each driven by a function of a weighted sum of at least 3 components: (i) one of an adaptive weight matrix multiplied by the incoming external input…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Fathi M. Salem

In this paper, a novel architecture for a deep recurrent neural network, residual LSTM is introduced. A plain LSTM has an internal memory cell that can learn long term dependencies of sequential data. It also provides a temporal shortcut…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-07 Jaeyoung Kim , Mostafa El-Khamy , Jungwon Lee

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), including long short-term memory (LSTM) RNNs, have produced state-of-the-art results on a variety of speech recognition tasks. However, these models are often too large in size for deployment on mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-12 Zhiyun Lu , Vikas Sindhwani , Tara N. Sainath

Long Short-term Memory Networks (LSTMs) are a vital Deep Learning technique suitable for performing on-device time series analysis on local sensor data streams of embedded devices. In this paper, we propose a new hardware accelerator design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Chao Qian , Tianheng Ling , Gregor Schiele

Effective reasoning is crucial to solving complex mathematical problems. Recent large language models (LLMs) have boosted performance by scaling test-time computation through long chain-of-thought reasoning. However, transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Junxiong Wang , Wen-Ding Li , Daniele Paliotta , Daniel Ritter , Alexander M. Rush , Tri Dao

Neural networks have demonstrated their outstanding performance in a wide range of tasks. Specifically recurrent architectures based on long-short term memory (LSTM) cells have manifested excellent capability to model time dependencies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Martin Ferianc , Zhiqiang Que , Hongxiang Fan , Wayne Luk , Miguel Rodrigues

Modern speech enhancement algorithms achieve remarkable noise suppression by means of large recurrent neural networks (RNNs). However, large RNNs limit practical deployment in hearing aid hardware (HW) form-factors, which are battery…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-15 Igor Fedorov , Marko Stamenovic , Carl Jensen , Li-Chia Yang , Ari Mandell , Yiming Gan , Matthew Mattina , Paul N. Whatmough

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a key technology for emerging applications such as automatic speech recognition, machine translation or image description. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks are the most successful RNN…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Franyell Silfa , Gem Dot , Jose-Maria Arnau , Antonio Gonzalez

We demonstrate that extremely low resolution quantized (nominally 5-state) synapses with large stochastic variations in Domain Wall (DW) position can be both energy efficient and achieve reasonably high testing accuracies compared to Deep…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-05-18 Walid A. Misba , Mark Lozano , Damien Querlioz , Jayasimha Atulasimha
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