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Rate-control is essential to ensure efficient video delivery. Typical rate-control algorithms rely on bit allocation strategies, to appropriately distribute bits among frames. As reference frames are essential for exploiting temporal…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Maria Santamaria , Ebroul Izquierdo , Saverio Blasi , Marta Mrak

Rate control allocates bits efficiently across frames to meet a target bitrate while maintaining quality. Conventional two-pass rate control (2pRC) in Versatile Video Coding (VVC) relies on analytical rate-QP models, which often fail to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Amritha Premkumar , Prajit T Rajendran , Vignesh V Menon , Christian Herglotz

We address the problem of efficiently compressing video for conferencing-type applications. We build on recent approaches based on image animation, which can achieve good reconstruction quality at very low bitrate by representing face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Goluck Konuko , Stéphane Lathuilière , Giuseppe Valenzise

Rate-control plays an important role in video coding. However, in the conventional rate-control algorithms, the number and position of Macroblocks (MBs) inside one basic unit for rate-control is inflexible and predetermined. The different…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Hai-Miao Hu , Bo Li , Weiyao Lin , Wei Li , Ming-Ting Sun

In this work, we propose a novel rate control algorithm for Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard based on its distinct rate-distortion characteristics. By modelling the transform coefficients with the composite Cauchy distribution, higher…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Yunhao Mao , Meng Wang , Shiqi Wang , Sam Kwong

Neural video compression (NVC) has demonstrated superior compression efficiency, yet effective rate control remains a significant challenge due to complex temporal dependencies. Existing rate control schemes typically leverage frame content…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Wuyang Cong , Junqi Shi , Lizhong Wang , Weijing Shi , Ming Lu , Hao Chen , Zhan Ma

End-to-end learned video compression has achieved strong rate-distortion performance, but rate control remains underexplored, especially in target-bitrate-driven and budget-constrained scenarios. Existing methods mainly rely on explicit…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zhiheng Xu , Xuerui Ma , Chunhua Peng , Hao Zhang

In this paper, we study a simplified affine motion model based coding framework to overcome the limitation of translational motion model and maintain low computational complexity. The proposed framework mainly has three key contributions.…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-02-22 Li Li , Houqiang Li , Dong Liu , Haitao Yang , Sixin Lin , Huanbang Chen , Feng Wu

The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265) standard doubles the compression efficiency of the widely used H.264/AVC standard. For practical applications, rate control (RC) algorithms for HEVC need to be developed. Based on the R-Q,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Minhao Tang , Jiangtao Wen , Yuxing Han

The upcoming video coding standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC), has shown great improvement compared to its predecessor, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), in terms of bitrate saving. Despite its substantial performance, compressed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-09 Fatemeh Nasiri , Wassim Hamidouche , Luce Morin , Nicolas Dhollande , Gildas Cocherel

Neural networks (NN) can improve standard video compression by pre- and post-processing the encoded video. For optimal NN training, the standard codec needs to be replaced with a codec proxy that can provide derivatives of estimated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-25 Amir Said , Manish Kumar Singh , Reza Pourreza

This paper presents a novel method to determine rate-distortion optimized transform coefficients for efficient compression of videos generated from point clouds. The method exploits a generalized frequency selective extrapolation approach…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-27 Christian Herglotz , Nils Genser , André Kaup

Due to differences in frame structure, existing multi-rate video encoding algorithms cannot be directly adapted to encoders utilizing special reference frames such as AV1 without introducing substantial rate-distortion loss. To tackle this…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Bichuan Guo , Xinyao Chen , Jiawen Gu , Yuxing Han , Jiangtao Wen

Recent state-of-the-art neural audio compression models have progressively adopted residual vector quantization (RVQ). Despite this success, these models employ a fixed number of codebooks per frame, which can be suboptimal in terms of…

Increasingly, visual signals such as images, videos and point clouds are being captured solely for the purpose of automated analysis by computer vision models. Applications include traffic monitoring, robotics, autonomous driving, smart…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 Ivan V. Bajić

Learned video coding (LVC) has recently achieved superior coding performance. In this paper, we model the rate-quality (R-Q) relationship for learned video coding by a parametric function. We learn a neural network, termed RQNet, to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sang NguyenQuang , Cheng-Wei Chen , Xiem HoangVan , Wen-Hsiao Peng

Optimized for pixel fidelity metrics, images compressed by existing image codec are facing systematic challenges when used for visual analysis tasks, especially under low-bitrate coding. This paper proposes a visual analysis-motivated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-22 Zhimeng Huang , Chuanmin Jia , Shanshe Wang , Siwei Ma

In previous research, it was shown that the software decoding energy demand of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) can be reduced by 15$\%$ by using a decoding-energy-rate-distortion optimization algorithm. To achieve this, the energy…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-22 Matthias Kränzler , Christian Herglotz , André Kaup

There has been a growing trend in compressing and transmitting videos from terminals for machine vision tasks. Nevertheless, most video coding optimization method focus on minimizing distortion according to human perceptual metrics,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Fei Zhao , Mengxi Guo , Shijie Zhao , Junlin Li , Li Zhang , Xiaodong Xie

In modern video encoders, rate control is a critical component and has been heavily engineered. It decides how many bits to spend to encode each frame, in order to optimize the rate-distortion trade-off over all video frames. This is a…

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