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We present the 3DGAN for the simulation of a future high granularity calorimeter output as three-dimensional images. We prove the efficacy of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for generating scientific data while retaining a high level…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-09-16 Gul Rukh Khattak , Sofia Vallecorsa , Federico Carminati , Gul Muhammad Khan

In High Energy Physics, detailed calorimeter simulations and reconstructions are essential for accurate energy measurements and particle identification, but their high granularity makes them computationally expensive. Developing data-driven…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-31 Andrea Cosso

The goal of generative machine learning is to model the probability distribution underlying a given data set. This probability distribution helps to characterize the generation process of the data samples. While classical generative machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-29 Christa Zoufal

Diffusion generative models are promising alternatives for fast surrogate models, producing high-fidelity physics simulations. However, the generation time often requires an expensive denoising process with hundreds of function evaluations,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-27 Vinicius Mikuni , Benjamin Nachman

As the quantum computing community gravitates towards understanding the practical benefits of quantum computers, having a clear definition and evaluation scheme for assessing practical quantum advantage in the context of specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Kaitlin Gili , Marta Mauri , Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz

Score based generative models are a new class of generative models that have been shown to accurately generate high dimensional calorimeter datasets. Recent advances in generative models have used images with 3D voxels to represent and…

Deep generative models such as diffusion and flow matching are powerful machine learning tools capable of learning and sampling from high-dimensional distributions. They are particularly useful when the training data appears to be…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-30 Zachary Bogorad , Ibrahim Elsharkawy , Yonatan Kahn , Andrew J. Larkoski , Noam Levi

Recently, generative machine-learning models have gained popularity in physics, driven by the goal of improving the efficiency of Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques and of exploring their potential in capturing experimental data…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-03 Japneet Singh , Vipul Arora , Vinay Gupta , Mathias S. Scheurer

The precise modeling of subatomic particle interactions and propagation through matter is paramount for the advancement of nuclear and particle physics searches and precision measurements. The most computationally expensive step in the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2018-02-07 Michela Paganini , Luke de Oliveira , Benjamin Nachman

We introduce the Generalized Energy Based Model (GEBM) for generative modelling. These models combine two trained components: a base distribution (generally an implicit model), which can learn the support of data with low intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-22 Michael Arbel , Liang Zhou , Arthur Gretton

Collider experiments, such as those at the Large Hadron Collider, use the Geant4 toolkit to simulate particle-detector interactions with high accuracy. However, these experiments increasingly require larger amounts of simulated data,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-09-10 Piyush Raikwar , Anna Zaborowska , Peter McKeown , Renato Cardoso , Mikolaj Piorczynski , Kyongmin Yeo

The prospect of quantum computing with a potential exponential speed-up compared to classical computing identifies it as a promising method in the search for alternative future High Energy Physics (HEP) simulation approaches. HEP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Florian Rehm , Sofia Vallecorsa , Michele Grossi , Kerstin Borras , Dirk Krücker

We show the first use of generative transformers for generating calorimeter showers as point clouds in a high-granularity calorimeter. Using the tokenizer and generative part of the OmniJet-${\alpha}$ model, we represent the hits in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-12 Joschka Birk , Frank Gaede , Anna Hallin , Gregor Kasieczka , Martina Mozzanica , Henning Rose

Parameterized quantum circuits have been extensively used as the basis for machine learning models in regression, classification, and generative tasks. For supervised learning, their expressivity has been thoroughly investigated and several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Alice Barthe , Michele Grossi , Sofia Vallecorsa , Jordi Tura , Vedran Dunjko

The physics programs of current and future collider experiments necessitate the development of surrogate simulators for calorimeter showers. While much progress has been made in the development of generative models for this task, they have…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-11-24 Thorsten Buss , Henry Day-Hall , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Katja Krüger , Anatolii Korol , Thomas Madlener , Peter McKeown

Recent breakthroughs in generative machine learning, powered by massive computational resources, have demonstrated unprecedented human-like capabilities. While beyond-classical quantum experiments can generate samples from classically…

Accurate simulation of physical processes is crucial for the success of modern particle physics. However, simulating the development and interaction of particle showers with calorimeter detectors is a time consuming process and drives the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-28 Erik Buhmann , Sascha Diefenbacher , Engin Eren , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Anatolii Korol , Katja Krüger

Motivated by the computational limitations of simulating interactions of particles in highly-granular detectors, there exists a concerted effort to build fast and exact machine-learning-based shower simulators. This work reports progress on…

In particle physics, the demand for rapid and precise simulations is rising. The shift from traditional methods to machine learning-based approaches has led to significant advancements in simulating complex detector responses. CaloShowerGAN…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-08-12 Michele Faucci Giannelli , Rui Zhang

The topic of generative learning has gained traction within the field of quantum machine learning, in particular with the advent of train-on-classical, deploy-on-quantum methods. This approach exploits the properties of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Felix Gottlieb , Rawad Mezher , Brian Ventura , Shane Mansfield , Alexia Salavrakos