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Blockchain is a distributed database which is cryptographically protected against malicious modifications. While promising for a wide range of applications, current blockchain platforms rely on digital signatures, which are vulnerable to…

This paper addresses the issue of blockchain protocol risks, a foundational category of risks affecting Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) which underpins digital assets, smart contracts, and decentralised applications. It presents a…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-10-18 Alex Nathan , Dimosthenis Kaponis , Saul Lustgarten

Blockchain sharding is a promising approach to solving the dilemma between decentralisation and high performance (transaction throughput) for blockchain. The main challenge of Blockchain sharding systems is how to reach a decision on a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Yibin Xu , Yangyu Huang , Jianhua Shao , George Theodorakopoulos

In blockchain networks, so-called "full nodes" serve data to and relay transactions from clients through an RPC interface. This serving layer enables integration of "Web3" data, stored on blockchains, with "Web2" mobile or web applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Weihong Wang , Tom Van Cutsem

Blockchain uses the idea of storing transaction data in the form of a distributed ledger wherein each node in the network stores a current copy of the sequence of transactions in the form of a hash chain. This requirement of storing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Ravi Kiran Raman , Lav R. Varshney

Blockchains are among the most powerful technologies to realize decentralized information systems. In order to safely enjoy all guarantees provided by a blockchain, one should maintain a full node, therefore maintaining an updated local…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Stefano De Angelis , Ivan Visconti , Andrea Vitaletti , Marco Zecchini

Coded blockchains have acquired prominence as a promising solution to reduce storage costs and facilitate scalability. Within this class, Luby Transform (LT) coded blockchains are an appealing choice for scalability owing to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Harikrishnan K. , J. Harshan , Anwitaman Datta

We propose LazyLedger, a design for distributed ledgers where the blockchain is optimised for solely ordering and guaranteeing the availability of transaction data. Responsibility for executing and validating transactions is shifted to only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Mustafa Al-Bassam

As an emerging service framework built by combining cryptography, P2P network, consensus mechanism and innovative contract technology, blockchain has been widely used in digital finance, data sharing, message traceability and electronic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wenwen Zhou , Dongyang Lyu , Xiaoqi Li

Access control is a fundamental component of the design of distributed ledgers, influencing many aspects of their design, such as fairness, efficiency, traditional notions of network security, and adversarial attacks such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Lianna Zhao , Luigi Vigneri , Andrew Cullen , William Sanders , Pietro Ferraro , Robert Shorten

This work presents the design and implementation of a decentralized application (DApp) that aims to guarantee the privacy of data related to the health area, which are stored and shared within a blockchain network. For this, encryption with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Christofer L. Sega , Anubis G. de M. Rossetto , Valderi R. Q. Leithardt

Blockchain assets are increasingly controlled by organizations rather than individuals. DAO treasuries, consortium wallets, and custodial exchanges rely on threshold authorization and multi-party key management, yet existing payment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Minfeng Qi , Lin Zhong , Qin Wang

Security and privacy in Direct Load Control (DLC) is a fundamental challenge in smart grids. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based framework to increase security and privacy of DLC. We propose a method whereby participating nodes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Ali Dorri , Fengji Luo , Salil S Kanhere , Raja Jurdak , Zhao Yang Dong

Sharding, i.e. splitting the miners or validators to form and run several subchains in parallel, is known as one of the main solutions to the scalability problem of blockchains. The drawback is that as the number of miners expanding each…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Nastaran Abadi Khooshemehr , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali

The widespread adoption of blockchain technology has amplified the spectrum of potential threats to its integrity and security. The ongoing quest to exploit vulnerabilities emphasizes how critical it is to expand on current research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Kaustubh Dwivedi , Ankit Agrawal , Ashutosh Bhatia , Kamlesh Tiwari

Oracle networks feeding off-chain information to a blockchain are required to solve a distributed agreement problem since these networks receive information from multiple sources and at different times. We make a key observation that in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Prasanth Chakka , Saurabh Joshi , Aniket Kate , Joshua Tobkin , David Yang

Blockchain-driven technologies are considered disruptive because of the availability of dis-intermediated, censorship-resistant and tamper-proof digital platforms of distributed trust. Among these technologies, smart contract platforms have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Alexandra Covaci , Simone Madeo , Patrick Motylinski , Stéphane Vincent

Technological advancements of Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Techniques (DLTs) promise to provide significant advantages to applications seeking transparency, redundancy, and accountability. Actual adoption of these emerging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Nivedita Dey , Mrityunjay Ghosh , Amlan Chakrabarti

Blockchain technology transformed the digital sphere by providing a transparent, secure, and decentralized platform for data security across a range of industries, including cryptocurrencies and supply chain management. Blockchain's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bilash Saha , Md Mehedi Hasan , Nafisa Anjum , Sharaban Tahora , Aiasha Siddika , Hossain Shahriar

Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) becomes a popular governance solution for decentralized applications (dApps) to achieve decentralized governance. In the DAO, no single entity can arbitrarily control the dApps without approval…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Junjie Ma , Muhui Jiang , Jinan Jiang , Xiapu Luo , Yufeng Hu , Yajin Zhou , Qi Wang , Fengwei Zhang