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Reinforcement learning (RL) in autonomous driving employs a trial-and-error mechanism, enhancing robustness in unpredictable environments. However, crafting effective reward functions remains challenging, as conventional approaches rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yongming Chen , Miner Chen , Liewen Liao , Mingyang Jiang , Xiang Zuo , Hengrui Zhang , Yuchen Xi , Songan Zhang

Recently, safe reinforcement learning (RL) with the actor-critic structure for continuous control tasks has received increasing attention. It is still challenging to learn a near-optimal control policy with safety and convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Xinglong Zhang , Yaoqian Peng , Biao Luo , Wei Pan , Xin Xu , Haibin Xie

This paper considers optimal traffic signal control in smart cities, which has been taken as a complex networked system control problem. Given the interacting dynamics among traffic lights and road networks, attaining controller adaptivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Yao Zhang , Zhiwen Yu , Jun Zhang , Liang Wang , Tom H. Luan , Bin Guo , Chau Yuen

The increasing demand for flexible and efficient urban transportation solutions has spotlighted the limitations of traditional Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) systems, particularly in accommodating diverse passenger needs and dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Haichao Liu , Ruoyu Yao , Wenru Liu , Zhenmin Huang , Shaojie Shen , Jun Ma

Urban autonomous driving decision making is challenging due to complex road geometry and multi-agent interactions. Current decision making methods are mostly manually designing the driving policy, which might result in sub-optimal solutions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Jianyu Chen , Bodi Yuan , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a class of artificial intelligence algorithms being used to design adaptive optimal controllers through online learning. This paper presents a model-free, real-time, data-efficient Q-learning-based algorithm…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Ali Aalipour , Alireza Khani

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is increasingly used in autonomous driving (AD) and shows clear advantages. However, most RL-based AD methods overlook policy structure design. An RL policy that only outputs short-timescale vehicle control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Guizhe Jin , Zhuoren Li , Bo Leng , Ran Yu , Lu Xiong , Chen Sun

Packet routing is a fundamental problem in communication networks that decides how the packets are directed from their source nodes to their destination nodes through some intermediate nodes. With the increasing complexity of network…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Xuan Mai , Quanzhi Fu , Yi Chen

Majority of aircraft under the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) concept are expected to be of the electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle type, which will operate out of vertiports. While this is akin to the relationship between…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Prajit KrisshnaKumar , Jhoel Witter , Steve Paul , Karthik Dantu , Souma Chowdhury

Inefficient traffic signal control methods may cause numerous problems, such as traffic congestion and waste of energy. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a trending data-driven approach for adaptive traffic signal control in complex urban…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-14 Zhenning Li , Chengzhong Xu , Guohui Zhang

The advent of autonomous driving and electrification is enabling the deployment of Electric Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand (E-AMoD) systems, whereby electric autonomous vehicles provide on-demand mobility. Crucially, the design of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-25 Fabio Paparella , Theo Hofman , Mauro Salazar

This study examines the potential impact of reinforcement learning (RL)-enabled autonomous vehicles (AV) on urban traffic flow in a mixed traffic environment. We focus on a simplified day-to-day route choice problem in a multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ahmet Onur Akman , Anastasia Psarou , Zoltán György Varga , Grzegorz Jamróz , Rafał Kucharski

Urban mobility systems are transitioning toward electric, on-demand services, creating operational challenges for fleet management under energy and service-quality constraints. The Electric Dial-a-Ride Problem (E-DARP) extends the classical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-06 Sten Elling Tingstad Jacobsen , Attila Lischka , Balázs Kulcsár , Anders Lindman

The integration of Automated Vehicles (AVs) into traffic flow holds the potential to significantly improve traffic congestion by enabling AVs to function as actuators within the flow. This paper introduces an adaptive speed controller…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-20 Han Wang , Hossein Nick Zinat Matin , Maria Laura Delle Monache

Sampling-based motion planning is a well-established approach in autonomous driving, valued for its modularity and analytical tractability. In complex urban scenarios, however, uniform or heuristic sampling often produces many infeasible or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Korbinian Moller , Roland Stroop , Mattia Piccinini , Alexander Langmann , Johannes Betz

With the rise of transportation electrification, autonomous driving and shared mobility in urban mobility systems, and increasing penetrations of distributed energy resources and autonomous demand-side management techniques in energy…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Xiaoqi Tan , Alberto Leon-Garcia

Traffic optimization challenges, such as load balancing, flow scheduling, and improving packet delivery time, are difficult online decision-making problems in wide area networks (WAN). Complex heuristics are needed for instance to find…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Shan Sun , Mariam Kiran , Wei Ren

Reinforcement learning (RL) holds significant promise for adaptive traffic signal control. While existing RL-based methods demonstrate effectiveness in reducing vehicular congestion, their predominant focus on vehicle-centric optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Bibek Poudel , Xuan Wang , Weizi Li , Lei Zhu , Kevin Heaslip

The development of urban-air-mobility (UAM) is rapidly progressing with spurs, and the demand for efficient transportation management systems is a rising need due to the multifaceted environmental uncertainties. Thus, this paper proposes a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Chanyoung Park , Gyu Seon Kim , Soohyun Park , Soyi Jung , Joongheon Kim

Robust urban autonomous driving requires reliable 3D scene understanding and stable decision-making under dense interactions. However, existing end-to-end models lack interpretability, while modular pipelines suffer from error propagation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Guangli Chen , Dianzhao Li , Wenjian Zhong , Bangquan Xie , Ostap Okhrin