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The Cygnus-X star-forming complex is one of the most active regions of low and high mass star formation within 2 kpc of the Sun. Using mid-infrared photometry from the IRAC and MIPS Spitzer Cygnus-X Legacy Survey, we have identified over…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-08 E. Kryukova , S. T. Megeath , J. L. Hora , R. A. Gutermuth , S. Bontemps , K. Kraemer , M. Hennemann , N. Schneider , Howard A. Smith , F. Motte

Astronomers have yet to establish whether high-mass protostars form from high-mass prestellar cores, similar to their lower-mass counterparts, or from lower-mass fragments at the heart of a pre-protostellar cluster undergoing large-scale…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-01-12 R. L. Pitts , L. E. Kristensen , J. K. Jørgensen , S. J. van der Walt

The protostellar luminosity function (PLF) is the present-day luminosity function of the protostars in a region of star formation. It is determined using the protostellar mass function (PMF) in combination with a stellar evolutionary model…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Stella S. R. Offner , Christopher F. McKee

Using infrared to (sub)millimeter data from Spitzer, Herschel, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, and the IRAM 30-m telescope, we conducted an unbiased survey of the massive dense cores (MDCs) in the Cygnus X molecular cloud complex, aimed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-02-27 Yue Cao , Keping Qiu , Qizhou Zhang , Yuwei Wang , Bo Hu , Junhao Liu

We present multi-wavelength images observed with SOFIA-FORCAST from $\sim$10 to 40 $\mu$m of seven high luminosity massive protostars, as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. Source morphologies at these wavelengths…

We present $\sim10-40\,\mu$m SOFIA-FORCAST images of 14 intermediate-mass protostar candidates as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. We build spectral energy distributions (SEDs), also utilizing archival Spitzer,…

We examine eight young stellar objects in the OMC-2 star forming region based on observations from the SOFIA/FORCAST early science phase, the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Herschel Space Observatory, 2MASS, APEX, and other results in the…

We present $\sim8-40\,\mu$m SOFIA-FORCAST images of seven regions of ``clustered" star formation as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. We identify a total of 34 protostar candidates and build their spectral energy…

We have made an extensive 1.2mm continuum mosaicing study of the Cygnus X molecular cloud complex using the MAMBO cameras at the IRAM 30 m telescope. We then compared our mm maps with mid-IR images, and have made SiO(2-1) follow-up…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-01-10 Frédérique Motte , S. Bontemps , P. Schilke , N. Schneider , K. M. Menten , D. Broguière

In an improved model of protostar mass functions (PMFs), protostars gain mass from isothermal cores in turbulent clumps. Their mass accretion rate is similar to Shu accretion at low mass, and to reduced Bondi accretion at high mass.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Philip C. Myers

We present the first study of GALEX far ultra-violet (FUV) luminosity functions of individual star-forming regions within a sample of 258 nearby galaxies spanning a large range in total stellar mass and star formation properties. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-08-17 David O. Cook , Daniel A. Dale , Janice C. Lee , David Thilker , Daniela Calzetti , Robert C. Kennicutt

With the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) routinely operating science flights, we demonstrate that observations with the Faint Object infraRed CAmera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) can provide reliable estimates…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-22 Tracy L. Huard , Susan Terebey

Cygnus X is one of the closest and most active high-mass star-forming regions in our Galaxy, making it one of the best laboratories for studying massive star formation. As part of the GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey, we performed large scale…

The luminosities of protostars provide one of the only indirect methods of measuring their masses and mass accretion rates in their earliest stages of evolution. Accurate measurements of protostellar luminosities traditionally requires…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-14 Michael M. Dunham , Aina Palau , Nuria Huélamo , Eduard I. Vorobyov , Zach Yek , Sean Rand

We present a multi-wavelength study of the star forming region ISOSS J 20298+3559, which was identified by a cross-correlation of cold compact sources from the 170 micron ISOPHOT Serendipity Survey (ISOSS) database coinciding with objects…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 O. Krause , D. Lemke , L. V. Toth , U. Klaas , M. Haas , M. Stickel , R. Vavrek

We conduct a census of the high-mass protostellar population of the $\sim70,000\:M_\odot$ Infrared Dark Cloud (IRDC) G028.37+00.07, identifying 35 sources based on their $70\:\mu$m emission, as reported in the {\it Herschel} Hi-GAL catalog…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-07-22 Emily Moser , Mengyao Liu , Jonathan C. Tan , Wanggi Lim , Yichen Zhang , Juan Pablo Farias

We present maps of the 850 micron and 450 micron continuum emission seen towards a sample of 68 high-mass protostellar candidates with luminosities ranging from 10^2.5 to 10^5 solar luminosity. Most of these candidate high-mass stars are in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. J. Williams , G. A. Fuller , T. K. Sridharan

We present $\sim10-40\,\mu$m SOFIA-FORCAST images of 11 isolated protostars as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey, with this morphological classification based on 37 $\mu$m imaging. We develop an automated method to…

Star formation in a filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC) is simulated over a dynamic range of 4.2 pc to 28 au for a period of $3.5\times 10^5$ yr, including magnetic fields and both radiative and outflow feedback from the protostars. At…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-12-06 Pak Shing Li , Richard I. Klein , Christopher F. McKee
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