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We review the idea, due to Einstein, Eddington, Hoyle and Ballard, that time is a subjective label, whose primary purpose is to order events, perhaps in a higher-dimensional universe. In this approach, all moments in time exist…

General Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Paul S. Wesson

After two decades of research on indefinite causality, a philosophical lesson emerges: the tension between operational quantum theory and dynamical spacetime physics is unbridgeable if one believes both types of theories to be fundamental.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Alexei Grinbaum

Based on the conjecture that rather than the second law of thermodynamics inevitably be breached as matter approaches a big crunch or a black hole singularity, the order of events should reverse, a model of the universe that resolves a…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Lynds

It is often said that the relativistic fusion of time with space rules out genuine change or ``becoming''. I offer the classical sequential growth models of causal set theory as counterexamples.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Rafael D. Sorkin

Space and time are central concepts for understanding our World. They are important ingredients at the core of every scientific theory and subject of intense debate in philosophy. Albert Einstein's Special and General theories of Relativity…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-08-06 Luciano Combi

Quantum measurement predictions are consistent with relativity for macroscopic observations, but there is no consensus on how to explain this consistency in fundamental terms. The prevailing assumption is that the relativistic structure of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-10-15 Edward J. Gillis

We consider the classical concept of time of permanence and observe that its quantum equivalent is described by a bona fide self-adjoint operator. Its interpretation, by means of the spectral theorem, reveals that we have to abandon not…

General Physics · Physics 2012-07-13 Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

Contrary to our immediate and vivid sensation of past, present, and future as continually shifting non-relational modalities, time remains as tenseless and relational as space in all of the established theories of fundamental physics. Here…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Joy Christian

This paper examines the various arguments that have been put forward suggesting either that time does not exist, or that it exists but its flow is not real. I argue that (i) time both exists and flows; (ii) an Evolving Block Universe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-28 George F. R. Ellis , Rituparno Goswami

Popular wisdom amongst theoretical physicists says that the continuum structure of spacetime is probably not elementary, but rather emergent. While many arguments to support that view arise from speculative ideas, the argument can also be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-10 Olivier Minazzoli

The notions of time and causality are revisited, as well as the A- and B-theory of time, in order to determine which theory of time is most compatible with relativistic spacetimes. By considering orientable spacetimes and defining a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-09 Daniel D. Sega , Daniel Galviz

A thought experiment is described and the probability of a particular type of results is predicted according to the quantum formalism. Then, the assumption is made that there exists a particle that travels from the source to one of the…

General Physics · Physics 2022-07-21 Sofia Wechsler

Our assumption that spacetime is a continuum leads to many challenges in mathematical physics. Singularities, divergent integrals and the like threaten many of our favorite theories, from Newtonian gravity to classical electrodynamics,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-02-04 John C. Baez

Despite the success of modern physics in formulating mathematical theories that can predict the outcome of experiments, we have made remarkably little progress towards answering the most fundamental question of: why is there a universe at…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-08-24 Stuart Heinrich

Scientific realism is, currently, one of the most well-entrenched background assumptions of some relevant versions of anti-exceptionalism about logic. We argue that this is a sort of sociological contingency rather than a metaphilosophical…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Jonas R. B. Arenhart , Raoni Arroyo , Ederson Safra Melo

In the context of theories of the connection between mind and brain, physicalism is the demand that all is basically purely physical. But the concept of "physical" embodied in this demand is characterized essentially by the properties of…

General Physics · Physics 2008-03-12 Henry P. Stapp

The Block Universe idea, representing spacetime as a fixed whole, suggests the flow of time is an illusion: the entire universe just is, with no special meaning attached to the present time. This view is however based on time-reversible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 George F. R. Ellis

Starting with a consideration of the implication of Bell inequalities in quantum mechanics, a new quantum postulate is suggested in order to restore classical locality and causality to quantum physics: only the relative coordinates between…

General Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Michael Spanner

As shown by the development of Special Relativity the simultaneity concept should be related to that of reference frame. Poincare' proposed to define the simultaneity of two events by means of light signals following what is nowadays known…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-03-05 E. Minguzzi

Ultrafinitism postulates that we can only compute on relatively short objects, and numbers beyond certain value are not available. This approach would also forbid many forms of infinitary reasoning and allow to remove certain paradoxes…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Michał J. Gajda