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Recommender systems are essential tools in the digital landscape for connecting users with content that more closely aligns with their preferences. Matrix completion is a widely used statistical framework for such systems, aiming to predict…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-30 Aurore Archimbaud , Andreas Alfons , Ines Wilms

Convolutional neural networks have been successful in solving many socially important and economically significant problems. This ability to learn complex high-dimensional functions hierarchically can be attributed to the use of nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Mathew Mithra Noel , Arunkumar L , Advait Trivedi , Praneet Dutta

In this paper, we address the lifelong sequential behavior incomprehension problem in large language models (LLMs) for recommendation, where LLMs struggle to extract useful information from long user behavior sequences, even within their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Rong Shan , Jiachen Zhu , Jianghao Lin , Chenxu Zhu , Bo Chen , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Activation functions play a significant role in the performance of deep learning algorithms. In particular, the Swish activation function tends to outperform ReLU on deeper models, including deep reinforcement learning models, across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Maryam Abdool , Tony Dear

We study expressive power of shallow and deep neural networks with piece-wise linear activation functions. We establish new rigorous upper and lower bounds for the network complexity in the setting of approximations in Sobolev spaces. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Dmitry Yarotsky

Most of convolutional neural networks share the same characteristic: each convolutional layer is followed by a nonlinear activation layer where Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is the most widely used. In this paper, we argue that the designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Gangming Zhao , Zhaoxiang Zhang , He Guan , Peng Tang , Jingdong Wang

User simulators can rapidly generate a large volume of timely user behavior data, providing a testing platform for reinforcement learning-based recommender systems, thus accelerating their iteration and optimization. However, prevalent user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zijian Zhang , Shuchang Liu , Ziru Liu , Rui Zhong , Qingpeng Cai , Xiangyu Zhao , Chunxu Zhang , Qidong Liu , Peng Jiang

Deep learning-based recommendation has become a widely adopted technique in various online applications. Typically, a deployed model undergoes frequent re-training to capture users' dynamic behaviors from newly collected interaction logs.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Guohao Cai , Jieming Zhu , Quanyu Dai , Zhenhua Dong , Xiuqiang He , Ruiming Tang , Rui Zhang

For most state-of-the-art architectures, Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) becomes a standard component accompanied with each layer. Although ReLU can ease the network training to an extent, the character of blocking negative values may suppress…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Xuanyi Dong , Guoliang Kang , Kun Zhan , Yi Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in addressing tasks that necessitate a combination of task planning and the usage of external tools that require a blend of task planning and the utilization of external tools, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yilun Kong , Jingqing Ruan , Yihong Chen , Bin Zhang , Tianpeng Bao , Shiwei Shi , Guoqing Du , Xiaoru Hu , Hangyu Mao , Ziyue Li , Xingyu Zeng , Rui Zhao

In this paper, we introduce a novel type of Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), called a Dual Rectified Linear Unit (DReLU). A DReLU, which comes with an unbounded positive and negative image, can be used as a drop-in replacement for a tanh…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Fréderic Godin , Jonas Degrave , Joni Dambre , Wesley De Neve

Recommender Systems (RS) have become essential tools in a wide range of digital services, from e-commerce and streaming platforms to news and social media. As the volume of user-item interactions grows exponentially, especially in Big Data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Arimondo Scrivano

Activation Functions introduce non-linearity in the deep neural networks. This nonlinearity helps the neural networks learn faster and efficiently from the dataset. In deep learning, many activation functions are developed and used based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ravin Kumar

We constructively prove that every deep ReLU network can be rewritten as a functionally identical three-layer network with weights valued in the extended reals. Based on this proof, we provide an algorithm that, given a deep ReLU network,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Mattia Jacopo Villani , Nandi Schoots

Sequential Recommendation System~(SRS) has become pivotal in modern society, which predicts subsequent actions based on the user's historical behavior. However, traditional collaborative filtering-based sequential recommendation models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Tianjie Dai , Xu Chen , Yunmeng Shu , Jinsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Zheng

The foundations of deep learning are supported by the seemingly opposing perspectives of approximation or learning theory. The former advocates for large/expressive models that need not generalize, while the latter considers classes that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ruiyang Hong , Anastasis Kratsios

Unstructured text data annotation is foundational to management research. LLMs offer a cost-effective and scalable alternative to human annotation, but they introduce a novel challenge: the annotator itself can be retired. Proprietary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xiang Cheng , Raveesh Mayya , João Sedoc

Conversational recommendation systems (CRSs) use multi-turn interaction to capture user preferences and provide personalized recommendations. A fundamental challenge in CRSs lies in effectively understanding user preferences from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Xiaolei Wang , Chunxuan Xia , Junyi Li , Fanzhe Meng , Lei Huang , Jinpeng Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Recommender systems have been widely applied in different real-life scenarios to help us find useful information. In particular, Reinforcement Learning (RL) based recommender systems have become an emerging research topic in recent years,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yuanguo Lin , Yong Liu , Fan Lin , Lixin Zou , Pengcheng Wu , Wenhua Zeng , Huanhuan Chen , Chunyan Miao

Neural networks with the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) nonlinearity are described by a vector of parameters $\theta$, and realized as a piecewise linear continuous function $R_{\theta}: x \in \mathbb R^{d} \mapsto R_{\theta}(x) \in \mathbb…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Pierre Stock , Rémi Gribonval
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