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We study the capabilities of generative autoregressive transformer models trained on large amounts of symbolic solo-piano transcriptions. After first pretraining on approximately 60,000 hours of music, we use a comparatively smaller,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Louis Bradshaw , Honglu Fan , Alexander Spangher , Stella Biderman , Simon Colton

Contrastive learning is a powerful way of learning multimodal representations across various domains such as image-caption retrieval and audio-visual representation learning. In this work, we investigate if these findings generalize to the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Karel Veldkamp , Mariya Hendriksen , Zoltán Szlávik , Alexander Keijser

This dissertation establishes the contexture theory to mathematically characterize the mechanism of representation learning, or pretraining. Despite the remarkable empirical success of foundation models, it is not very clear what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Runtian Zhai

Sequence modeling with neural networks has lead to powerful models of symbolic music data. We address the problem of exploiting these models to reach creative musical goals, by combining with human input. To this end we generalise previous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Christian Walder , Dongwoo Kim

Contrastive vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant progress in binding visual and textual information, yet understanding long, compositional captions remains an open challenge. While these capabilities are often assumed to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Israfel Salazar , Desmond Elliott , Yova Kementchedjhieva

Recognizing elementary underlying concepts from observations (disentanglement) and generating novel combinations of these concepts (compositional generalization) are fundamental abilities for humans to support rapid knowledge learning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Tao Yang , Yuwang Wang , Cuiling Lan , Yan Lu , Nanning Zheng

The Variational Autoencoder (VAE) has proven to be an effective model for producing semantically meaningful latent representations for natural data. However, it has thus far seen limited application to sequential data, and, as we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Adam Roberts , Jesse Engel , Colin Raffel , Curtis Hawthorne , Douglas Eck

In recent years, neural networks have been used to generate symbolic melodies. However, the long-term structure in the melody has posed great difficulty for designing a good model. In this paper, we present a hierarchical recurrent neural…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Jian Wu , Changran Hu , Yulong Wang , Xiaolin Hu , Jun Zhu

Ambiguities in data and problem constraints can lead to diverse, equally plausible outcomes for a machine learning task. In beat and downbeat tracking, for instance, different listeners may adopt various rhythmic interpretations, none of…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Antonin Gagnere , Slim Essid , Geoffroy Peeters

Although an object may appear in numerous contexts, we often describe it in a limited number of ways. Language allows us to abstract away visual variation to represent and communicate concepts. Building on this intuition, we propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Mohamed El Banani , Karan Desai , Justin Johnson

Music recommender systems frequently utilize network-based models to capture relationships between music pieces, artists, and users. Although these relationships provide valuable insights for predictions, new music pieces or artists often…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Florian Grötschla , Luca Strässle , Luca A. Lanzendörfer , Roger Wattenhofer

We have recently seen great progress in learning interpretable music representations, ranging from basic factors, such as pitch and timbre, to high-level concepts, such as chord and texture. However, most methods rely heavily on music…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Xuanjie Liu , Daniel Chin , Yichen Huang , Gus Xia

Could we automatically derive the score of a piano accompaniment based on the audio of a pop song? This is the audio-to-symbolic arrangement problem we tackle in this paper. A good arrangement model should not only consider the audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Ziyu Wang , Dejing Xu , Gus Xia , Ying Shan

There is mounting evidence that existing neural network models, in particular the very popular sequence-to-sequence architecture, struggle to systematically generalize to unseen compositions of seen components. We demonstrate that one of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Hao Zheng , Mirella Lapata

In the use of deep neural networks, it is crucial to provide appropriate input representations for the network to learn from. In this paper, we propose an approach to learn a representation that focus on rhythmic representation which is…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-12-15 Yeonwoo Jeong , Keunwoo Choi , Hosan Jeong

Distances on symbolic musical sequences are needed for a variety of applications, from music retrieval to automatic music generation. These musical sequences belong to a given corpus (or style) and it is obvious that a good distance on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Gaëtan Hadjeres , Frank Nielsen

Apart from discriminative models for classification and object detection tasks, the application of deep convolutional neural networks to basic research utilizing natural imaging data has been somewhat limited; particularly in cases where a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-22 R. Ian Etheredge , Manfred Schartl , Alex Jordan

Recent works of music representation learning mainly focus on learning acoustic music representations with unlabeled audios or further attempt to acquire multi-modal music representations with scarce annotated audio-text pairs. They either…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xiaofeng Pan , Jing Chen , Haitong Zhang , Menglin Xing , Jiayi Wei , Xuefeng Mu , Zhongqian Xie

The common research goal of self-supervised learning is to extract a general representation which an arbitrary downstream task would benefit from. In this work, we investigate music audio representation learned from different contrastive…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Jeong Choi , Seongwon Jang , Hyunsouk Cho , Sehee Chung

Time-series representation learning can extract representations from data with temporal dynamics and sparse labels. When labeled data are sparse but unlabeled data are abundant, contrastive learning, i.e., a framework to learn a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Heejeong Choi , Pilsung Kang