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Recent advancements in open vocabulary models, like CLIP, have notably advanced zero-shot classification and segmentation by utilizing natural language for class-specific embeddings. However, most research has focused on improving model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wenfang Sun , Yingjun Du , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Kompella , Cees G. M. Snoek

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have yielded impressive performance on various tasks, yet they often depend on high-quality feedback that can be costly. Self-refinement methods attempt to leverage LLMs' internal evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hikaru Asano , Tadashi Kozuno , Yukino Baba

Treating texts as images, combining prompts with textual labels for prompt tuning, and leveraging the alignment properties of CLIP have been successfully applied in zero-shot multi-label image recognition. Nonetheless, relying solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Haonan Xu , Dian Chao , Xiangyu Wu , Zhonghua Wan , Yang Yang

Contrastively trained text-image models have the remarkable ability to perform zero-shot classification, that is, classifying previously unseen images into categories that the model has never been explicitly trained to identify. However,…

Knowledge distillation with unlabeled examples is a powerful training paradigm for generating compact and lightweight student models in applications where the amount of labeled data is limited but one has access to a large pool of unlabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Vasilis Kontonis , Fotis Iliopoulos , Khoa Trinh , Cenk Baykal , Gaurav Menghani , Erik Vee

Fine-tuning vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP to downstream tasks is often necessary to optimize their performance. However, a major obstacle is the limited availability of labeled data. We study the use of pseudolabels, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Cristina Menghini , Andrew Delworth , Stephen H. Bach

Recent advances in large language and vision-language models have enabled zero-shot inference, allowing models to solve new tasks without task-specific training. Various adaptation techniques such as prompt engineering, In-Context Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Artyom Gadetsky , Andrei Atanov , Yulun Jiang , Zhitong Gao , Ghazal Hosseini Mighan , Amir Zamir , Maria Brbic

A hallmark of modern large language models (LLMs) is their impressive general zero-shot and few-shot abilities, often elicited through in-context learning (ICL) via prompting. However, while highly coveted and being the most general,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Xingchen Wan , Ruoxi Sun , Hootan Nakhost , Hanjun Dai , Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Sercan O. Arik , Tomas Pfister

Building robust and generic object detection frameworks requires scaling to larger label spaces and bigger training datasets. However, it is prohibitively costly to acquire annotations for thousands of categories at a large scale. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Shiyu Zhao , Zhixing Zhang , Samuel Schulter , Long Zhao , Vijay Kumar B. G , Anastasis Stathopoulos , Manmohan Chandraker , Dimitris Metaxas

Supervised learning methods can solve the given problem in the presence of a large set of labeled data. However, the acquisition of a dataset covering all the target classes typically requires manual labeling which is expensive and…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Duygu Dogan , Huang Xie , Toni Heittola , Tuomas Virtanen

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) makes object recognition in images possible in absence of visual training data for a part of the classes from a dataset. When the number of classes is large, classes are usually represented by semantic class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Yannick Le Cacheux , Adrian Popescu , Hervé Le Borgne

Conventional approaches to text classification typically assume the existence of a fixed set of predefined labels to which a given text can be classified. However, in real-world applications, there exists an infinite label space for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Christopher Clarke , Yuzhao Heng , Yiping Kang , Krisztian Flautner , Lingjia Tang , Jason Mars

Spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks involve diverse skills that probe the information extraction, classification and/or generation capabilities of models. In this setting, task-specific training data may not always be available. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Neeraj Agrawal , Sriram Ganapathy

Retrained large language models (LLMs) have become extensively used across various sub-disciplines of natural language processing (NLP). In NLP, text classification problems have garnered considerable focus, but still faced with some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhiqiang Wang , Yiran Pang , Yanbin Lin

Prompt learning has become the most effective paradigm for adapting large pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) to downstream tasks. Recently, unsupervised prompt tuning methods, such as UPL and POUF, directly leverage pseudo-labels as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Sifan Long , Linbin Wang , Zhen Zhao , Zichang Tan , Yiming Wu , Shengsheng Wang , Jingdong Wang

Recent success of large-scale pre-trained language models crucially hinge on fine-tuning them on large amounts of labeled data for the downstream task, that are typically expensive to acquire. In this work, we study self-training as one of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Subhabrata Mukherjee , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Boosting provides a practical and provably effective framework for constructing accurate learning algorithms from inaccurate rules of thumb. It extends the promise of sample-efficient learning to settings where direct Empirical Risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Udaya Ghai , Karan Singh

In-context learning is a promising paradigm that utilizes in-context examples as prompts for the predictions of large language models. These prompts are crucial for achieving strong performance. However, since the prompts need to be sampled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Shaokun Zhang , Xiaobo Xia , Zhaoqing Wang , Ling-Hao Chen , Jiale Liu , Qingyun Wu , Tongliang Liu

A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) defines a low-level, step-by-step written guide for a business software workflow. SOP generation is a crucial step towards automating end-to-end software workflows. Manually creating SOPs can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Moucheng Xu , Evangelos Chatzaroulas , Luc McCutcheon , Abdul Ahad , Hamzah Azeem , Janusz Marecki , Ammar Anwar

Few-shot learning has been extensively explored to address problems where the amount of labeled samples is very limited for some classes. In the semi-supervised few-shot learning setting, substantial quantities of unlabeled samples are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Souvik Maji , Rhythm Baghel , Pratik Mazumder