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Let $G$ be a connected simple graph with $n$ vertices. The distance Laplacian matrix $D^{L}(G)$ is defined as $D^L(G)=Diag(Tr)-D(G)$, where $Diag(Tr)$ is the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions and $D(G)$ is the distance matrix of $G$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-18 Saleem Khan , S. Pirzada

Let $G$ be a simple connected simple graph of order $n$. The distance Laplacian matrix $D^{L}(G)$ is defined as $D^L(G)=Diag(Tr)-D(G)$, where $Diag(Tr)$ is the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions and $D(G)$ is the distance matrix of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-20 Saleem Khan , S. Pirzada

Let $G$ be a connected graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. Let $Tr(G)$ be the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions of $G$ and $D(G)$ be the distance matrix of $G$. The distance Laplacian matrix of $G$ is defined as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Jie Xue , Huiqiu Lin , Kinkar Ch. Das , Jinlong Shu

Let $G$ be a simple, connected graph, $\mathcal{D}(G)$ be the distance matrix of $G$, and $Tr(G)$ be the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions of $G$. The distance Laplacian matrix and distance signless Laplacian matrix of $G$ are defined…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-20 Pengli Lu , Wenzhi Liu

For a connected simple graph $G$ on $n$ vertices with chromatic number $\chi$, the distance Laplacian matrix is $\DL(G)=\operatorname{diag}(\Tr_G(v_1),\dots,\Tr_G(v_n))-D(G)$, where $D(G)$ is the distance matrix and $\Tr_G(v)=\sum_{u\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Bilal Ahmad Rather

The distance matrix $\mathcal{D}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the matrix containing the pairwise distances between vertices. The transmission of a vertex $v_i$ in $G$ is the sum of the distances from $v_i$ to all other vertices and $T(G)$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-10 Carolyn Reinhart

For a connected graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, recall that the distance signless Laplacian matrix of $G$ is defined to be $\mathcal{Q}(G)=Tr(G)+\mathcal{D}(G)$, where $\mathcal{D}(G)$ is the distance matrix, $Tr(G)=diag(D_1, D_2, \ldots, D_n)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-05 Lihua You , Liyong Ren , Guanglong Yu

The distance matrix $\mathcal{D}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the matrix containing the pairwise distances between vertices, and the distance Laplacian matrix is $\mathcal{D}^L(G)=T(G)-\mathcal{D}(G)$, where $T(G)$ is the diagonal matrix of row…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Boris Brimkov , Ken Duna , Leslie Hogben , Kate Lorenzen , Carolyn Reinhart , Sung-Yell Song , Mark Yarrow

Given a graph $G$, the Laplacian matrix of $G$, $L(G)$ is the difference of the adjacency matrix $A(G)$ and $\text{Deg}(G)$, where $\text{Deg}(G)$ is the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees. The distance Laplacian matrix $D^L({G})$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Subarsha Banerjee , Soumya Ganguly

The reciprocal distance Laplacian matrix of a connected graph $G$ is defined as $RD^L(G)=RT(G)-RD(G)$, where $RT(G)$ is the diagonal matrix of reciprocal distance degrees and $RD(G)$ is the Harary matrix. Since $RD^L(G)$ is a real symmetric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-30 S. Pirzada , Saleem Khan

Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$. It is known that any Laplacian eigenvalue of $G$ belongs to the interval $[0,n]$. For an interval $I\subseteq [0, n]$, denote by $m_GI$ the number of Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$ in $I$, counted with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Leyou Xu , Bo Zhou

For a connected graph $G$, the distance Laplacian spectral radius of $G$ is the spectral radius of its distance Laplacian matrix $\mathcal{L}(G)$ defined as $\mathcal{L}(G)=Tr(G)-D(G)$, where $Tr(G)$ is a diagonal matrix of vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-28 Hongying Lin , Bo Zhou

Let $G$ be a connected graph on $n$ vertices and let $D(G)$ and $D^{L}(G)$ be the distance and the distance Laplacian matrices associated with $G$. A graph $G$ is said to be $D$-integral (resp. $D^L$-integral) if all eigenvalues of $D(G)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 S. Pirzada , Ummer Mushtaq , Leonardo de Lima

Let G be a graph on n vertices. The Laplacian matrix of G, denoted by L(G), is defined as L(G) = D(G) - A(G), where A(G) is the adjacency matrix of G and D(G) is the diagonal matrix of the vertex degrees of G. A graph G is said to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-28 Anderson Fernandes Novanta , Carla S. Oliveira , Leonardo S. de Lima

For a simple connected graph $G$ of order $n$ having distance Laplacian eigenvalues $ \rho^{L}_{1}\geq \rho^{L}_{2}\geq \cdots \geq \rho^{L}_{n}$, the distance Laplacian energy $DLE(G)$ is defined as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Hilal A. Ganie , Rezwan Ul Shaban , Bilal A. Rather , S. Pirzada

The distance matrix $\mathcal{D}$ of a connected graph $G$ is the matrix indexed by the vertices of $G$ which entry $\mathcal{D}_{i,j}$ equals the distance between the vertices $v_i$ and $v_j$. The distance signless Laplacian matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-06 Chang Liu , Jianping Li

Let $D(G)$ denote the distance matrix of a connected graph $G$ with $n$ vertices. The distance spectral gap of a graph $G$ is defined as $\delta_{D^G} = \rho_1 - \rho_2$, where $\rho_1$ and $\rho_2$ represent the largest and second largest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-12 Haritha T , Chithra A.

Let $G$ be a simple connected graph of order $n$ and $D(G)$ be the distance matrix of $G.$ Suppose that $\lambda_{1}(D(G))\geq\lambda_{2}(D(G))\geq\cdots\geq\lambda_{n}(D(G))$ are the distance spectrum of $G$. A graph $G$ is said to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-17 Ruifang Liu , Jie Xue , Litao Guo

The Laplacian matrix of a simple graph is the difference of the diagonal matrix of vertex degree and the (0,1) adjacency matrix. In the past decades, the Laplacian spectrum has received much more and more attention, since it has been…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-31 Xiao-Dong Zhang

The normalized distance Laplacian matrix $\mathcal{D}^{\mathcal{L}}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is a natural generalization of the normalized Laplacian matrix, arising from the matrix of pairwise distances between vertices rather than the adjacency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-17 John Byrne , Jacob Johnston , Carl Schildkraut , Michael Tait
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