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Related papers: Artificial Intelligence and Spontaneous Collusion

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We propose a model for demonstrating spontaneous emergence of collective intelligent behavior from selfish individual agents. Agents' behavior is modeled using our proposed selfish algorithm ($SA$) with three learning mechanisms: reinforced…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-01-06 Korosh Mahmoodi , Bruce J. West , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Autonomous and learning agents increasingly participate in markets - setting prices, placing bids, ordering inventory. Such agents are not just aiming to optimize in an uncertain environment; they are making decisions in a game-theoretical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Martin Bichler , Julius Durmann , Matthias Oberlechner

With dynamic pricing on the rise, firms are using sophisticated algorithms for price determination. These algorithms are often non-interpretable and there has been a recent interest in their seemingly emergent ability to tacitly collude…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Pravesh Koirala , Forrest Laine

The rise of autonomous pricing systems has sparked growing concern over algorithmic collusion in markets from retail to housing. This paper examines controlled information quality as an ex ante policy lever: by reducing the fidelity of data…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-04 Niuniu Zhang

We build on an emerging line of work which studies strategic manipulations in training data provided to machine learning algorithms. Specifically, we focus on the ubiquitous task of linear regression. Prior work focused on the design of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Safwan Hossain , Nisarg Shah

With a novel search algorithm or assortment planning or assortment optimization algorithm that takes into account a Bayesian approach to information updating and two-stage assortment optimization techniques, the current research provides a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-07-19 Dipankar Das

There is growing experimental evidence that $Q$-learning agents may learn to charge supracompetitive prices. We provide the first theoretical explanation for this behavior in infinite repeated games. Firms update their pricing policies…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-30 Cristian Chica , Yinglong Guo , Gilad Lerman

Algorithmic collusion has emerged as a central question in AI: Will the interaction between different AI agents deployed in markets lead to collusion? More generally, understanding how emergent behavior, be it a cartel or market dominance…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ziyi Wang , Carmine Ventre , Maria Polukarov

When online sellers use AI learning algorithms to automatically compete on e-commerce platforms, there is concern that they will learn to coordinate on higher than competitive prices. However, this concern was primarily raised in…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-03 Hangcheng Zhao , Ron Berman

As autonomous AI agents increasingly mediate online platform markets, a fundamental question emerges: do these markets generate stable strategic outcomes? In repeated strategic environments, the Nash equilibrium provides a natural benchmark…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Enoch Hyunwook Kang

The majority of distributed learning literature focuses on convergence to Nash equilibria. Correlated equilibria, on the other hand, can often characterize more efficient collective behavior than even the best Nash equilibrium. However,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-08 Holly P. Borowski , Jason R. Marden , Jeff S. Shamma

Correlated equilibria arise naturally when agents communicate or rely on intermediaries such as recommendation systems. We study when a given Nash equilibrium can be improved within the set of correlated equilibria for general objectives.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-01 Kirill Rudov , Fedor Sandomirskiy , Leeat Yariv

As platforms increasingly rely on learning algorithms, collectives may form and seek ways to influence these platforms to align with their own interests. This can be achieved by coordinated submission of altered data. To evaluate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-27 Etienne Gauthier , Francis Bach , Michael I. Jordan

We study non-atomic congestion games on parallel-link networks with affine cost functions. We investigate the power of machine-learned predictions in the design of coordination mechanisms aimed at minimizing the impact of selfishness. Our…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-11 George Christodoulou , Vasilis Christoforidis , Alkmini Sgouritsa , Ioannis Vlachos

Prediction is a well-studied machine learning task, and prediction algorithms are core ingredients in online products and services. Despite their centrality in the competition between online companies who offer prediction-based products,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Omer Ben-Porat , Moshe Tennenholtz

This study investigates the implications of algorithmic pricing in digital marketplaces, focusing on Airbnb's pricing dynamics. With the advent of Airbnb's new pricing tool, this research explores how digital tools influence hosts' pricing…

General Economics · Economics 2023-12-12 Richeng Piao

Machine-learning technologies are seeing increased deployment in real-world market scenarios. In this work, we explore the strategic behaviors of large language models (LLMs) when deployed as autonomous agents in multi-commodity markets,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ryan Y. Lin , Siddhartha Ojha , Kevin Cai , Maxwell F. Chen

Recent work shows that pricing with symmetric LLM agents leads to algorithmic collusion. We show that collusion is fragile under the heterogeneity typical of real deployments. In a stylized repeated-pricing model, heterogeneity in patience…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jussi Keppo , Yuze Li , Gerry Tsoukalas , Nuo Yuan

We study how delegating pricing to large language models (LLMs) can facilitate collusion in a duopoly when both sellers rely on the same pre-trained model. The LLM is characterized by (i) a propensity parameter capturing its internal bias…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-24 Shengyu Cao , Ming Hu

This paper provides robust, new evidence on the causal drivers of market troughs. We demonstrate that conclusions about these triggers are critically sensitive to model specification, moving beyond restrictive linear models with a flexible…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-09 Peilin Rao , Randall R. Rojas