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We propose a scheme that converts a stabilizer code into another stabilizer code in a fault tolerant manner. The scheme first puts both codes in specific forms, and proceeds the conversion from a source code to a target code by applying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-10 Yongsoo Hwang , Byung-Soo Choi , Young-chai Ko , Jun Heo

Classical simulations of noisy stabilizer circuits are often used to estimate the threshold of a quantum error-correcting code. Physical noise sources are efficiently approximated by random insertions of Pauli operators. For a single qubit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Mauricio Gutiérrez , Kenneth R. Brown

Twirling noise affecting quantum gates is essential in understanding and controlling errors, but applicable operations to noise are usually restricted by symmetries inherent in quantum gates. In this work, we propose symmetric Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Kento Tsubouchi , Yosuke Mitsuhashi , Kunal Sharma , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

We introduce a general framework for weak transversal gates -- probabilistic implementation of logical unitaries realized by local physical unitaries -- and propose a novel partially fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Alireza Seif , Andrew Cross , Ali Javadi-Abhari

It is a major challenge to construct good quantum codes supporting fault-tolerant (e.g. transversal) non-Clifford gates with low-weight parity-check measurements. In this paper, we construct the first known quantum codes with linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Louis Golowich , Venkatesan Guruswami

Stabilizer circuits play an important role in quantum error correction protocols, and will be vital for ensuring fault tolerance in future quantum hardware. While stabilizer circuits are defined on the Clifford generating set, {H, S, CX},…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Brendan Reid

As current experiments already realize small quantum circuits on error corrected qubits, it is important to fully understand the effect of physical errors on the logical error channels of these fault-tolerant circuits. Here, we investigate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Bálint Domokos , Áron Márton , János K. Asbóth

We prove that on any two-dimensional lattice of qudits of a prime dimension, every translation invariant Pauli stabilizer group with local generators and with code distance being the linear system size, is decomposed by a local Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Jeongwan Haah

It is an oft-cited fact that no quantum code can support a set of fault-tolerant logical gates that is both universal and transversal. This no-go theorem is generally responsible for the interest in alternative universality constructions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-20 Theodore J. Yoder , Ryuji Takagi , Isaac L. Chuang

We develop a topological theory for fault-tolerant quantum computation in quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. We show that there exist hidden simplicial or CW complex structures encoding the topological data for all qLDPC and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Guanyu Zhu

It is important for performance studies in quantum technologies to analyze quantum circuits in the presence of noise. We introduce an error probability tensor, a tool to track generalized Pauli error statistics of qudits within quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-21 Daniel Miller , Timo Holz , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

A common approach to studying the performance of quantum error correcting codes is to assume independent and identically distributed single-qubit errors. However, the available experimental data shows that realistic errors in modern…

Scalable realisation of quantum computing is reliant on the development of fault tolerant devices. Analysis of quantum error correction protocols typically considers incoherent noise models or noise-free syndrome measurements. While this is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

We consider the problem of fault-tolerant quantum computation in the presence of slow error diagnostics, either caused by measurement latencies or slow decoding algorithms. Our scheme offers a few improvements over previously existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-08 Christopher Chamberland , Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

We present an entirely 2D transversal realization of phase gates at any level of the Clifford hierarchy, and beyond, using non-Abelian surface codes. Our construction encodes a logical qubit in the quantum double $D(G)$ of a non-Abelian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Alison Warman , Sakura Schafer-Nameki

We consider the surface code under errors featuring both coherent and incoherent components and study the coherence of the corresponding logical noise channel and how this impacts information-theoretic measures of code performance, namely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Jan Behrends , Benjamin Béri

Recent work has explored using the stabilizer formalism to classically simulate quantum circuits containing a few non-Clifford gates. The computational cost of such methods is directly related to the notion of stabilizer rank, which for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Sergey Bravyi , Dan Browne , Padraic Calpin , Earl Campbell , David Gosset , Mark Howard

The surface code is one of the most successful approaches to topological quantum error-correction. It boasts the smallest known syndrome extraction circuits and correspondingly largest thresholds. Defect-based logical encodings of a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac H. Kim

Quantum error mitigation techniques mimic noiseless quantum circuits by running several related noisy circuits and combining their outputs in particular ways. How well such techniques work is thought to depend strongly on how noisy the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 David Layden , Bradley Mitchell , Karthik Siva

Surface and color codes are two forms of topological quantum error correction in two spatial dimensions with complementary properties. Surface codes have lower-depth error detection circuits and well-developed decoders to interpret and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Jonathan E. Moussa