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The Milky Way's (MW) satellite population is a powerful probe of warm dark matter (WDM) models as the abundance of small substructures is very sensitive to the properties of the WDM particle. However, only a partial census of the MW's…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-01 Oliver Newton , Marius Cautun , Adrian Jenkins , Carlos S. Frenk , John C. Helly

Milky Way (MW) satellites reside within dark matter (DM) subhalos with a broad distribution of circular velocity profiles. This diversity is enhanced with the inclusion of ultra-faint satellites, which seemingly have very high DM densities,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-25 Jesús Zavala , Mark R. Lovell , Mark Vogelsberger , Jan D. Burger

Dwarf galaxies are thought of as the building blocks of large galaxies such as our Milky Way. This paper presents new high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxies and their intergalactic medium with the \texttt{GIZMO} code.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-06 Pei-Cheng Tung , Ke-Jung Chen

We perform a joint analysis of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31) satellite populations to constrain the properties of fuzzy dark matter (FDM) and thermal-relic warm dark matter (WDM). We combine MW satellite observations from the Dark…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-23 Jianxiang Liu , Yan Gong , Kai Liao

The shape and diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves is at apparent odds with dark matter halos in a $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) cosmology. We use mock data from isolated dwarf galaxy simulations to show that this owes to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-07 J. I. Read , G. Iorio , O. Agertz , F. Fraternali

Using Constrained Local UniversE Simulations (CLUES) of the formation of the Local Group in a cosmological context we investigate the recently highlighted problem that the majority of the most massive dark subhaloes of the Milky Way are too…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Arianna Di Cintio , Alexander Knebe , Noam I. Libeskind , Gustavo Yepes , Stefan Gottloeber , Yehuda Hoffman

We study the formation histories and present-day structure of satellite galaxies formed in a high resolution hydrodynamic simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy. The simulated satellites span nearly 4 orders of magnitude in luminosity but…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-06 Takashi Okamoto , Carlos S. Frenk

We report the discovery that substructures/subhaloes of a galaxy-size halo tend to fall in together in groups in cosmological simulations, something that may explain the oddity of the MW satellite distribution. The original clustering at…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Yang-Shyang Li , Amina Helmi

We study the Local Group (LG) dwarf galaxy population predicted by the \apostle $\Lambda$CDM cosmological hydrodynamics simulations. These indicate that: (i)~the total mass within $3$ Mpc of the Milky Way-Andromeda midpoint ($M_{\rm 3Mpc}$)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-08 Azadeh Fattahi , Julio F. Navarro , Carlos S. Frenk

We investigate whether the subhalos of Lambda-CDM galaxy halos have potentials consistent with the observed properties of Milky Way satellites, particularly those with high-quality photometric and kinematic data: Fornax, Leo I, Sculptor,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Louis E. Strigari , Carlos S. Frenk , Simon D. M. White

Motivated by recent studies suggesting that the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) could be significantly more massive than previously thought, we explore whether the approximation of an inertial Galactocentric reference frame is still valid in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-08-08 Facundo A. Gómez , Gurtina Besla , Daniel D. Carpintero , Álvaro Villalobos , Brian W. O'Shea , Eric F. Bell

Associations of dwarf galaxies are loose systems composed exclusively of dwarf galaxies. These systems were identified in the Local Volume for the first time more than thirty years ago. We study these systems in the cosmological framework…

(abridged) The Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31) galaxies possess rotating planes of satellites. Their formation has not been explained satisfactorily yet. It was suggested that the MW and M31 satellites are ancient tidal dwarf galaxies,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-06-13 Michal Bílek , Ingo Thies , Pavel Kroupa , Benoit Famaey

We present a study of the spatial distribution of subhalos in galactic dark matter halos using dissipationless cosmological simulations of the concordance LCDM model. We find that subhalos are distributed anisotropically and are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Andrew R. Zentner , Andrey V. Kravtsov , Oleg Y. Gnedin , Anatoly A. Klypin

We study the substructure population of Milky Way (MW)-mass halos in the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology using a novel procedure to extrapolate subhalo number statistics beyond the resolution limit of N-body simulations. The technique recovers the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-24 Marius Cautun , Wojciech A. Hellwing , Rien van de Weygaert , Carlos S. Frenk , Bernard J. T. Jones , Till Sawala

Several occupational distributions for satellite galaxies more massive than ms~4E7 Msun around MW-sized hosts are presented and used to predict their internal dynamics. For this, a galaxy group mock catalog is constructed on the basis of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 A. Rodriguez-Puebla , V. Avila-Reese , N. Drory

We investigate the progenitors of low-inclination retrograde substructures in the Milky Way (MW) halo, which are remnants of accreted dwarf galaxies on retrograde orbits. Our sample consists of halo stars with low orbital inclinations and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-16 Young Kwang Kim , Young Sun Lee , Timothy C. Beers

The properties of dwarf galaxies provide essential insight into galaxy formation and evolution in a hierarchical universe. Among various physical quantities, identifying their infall times to host galaxies is crucial, as these times encode…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-10 Seungyeon Kim , Myoungwon Jeon , Seongjun Hyung

We analyse systems analogous to the Milky Way (MW) in the EAGLE cosmological hydrodynamics simulation in order to deduce the likely structure of the MW's dark matter halo. We identify MW-mass haloes in the simulation whose satellite…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-06 Shi Shao , Marius Cautun , Alis J. Deason , Carlos S. Frenk

Recently it has been shown that a large fraction of the dwarf satellite galaxies orbiting the Andromeda galaxy are surprisingly aligned in a thin, extended and kinematically coherent planar structure. The presence of such a structure seems…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-08-19 Tobias Buck , Andrea V. Macciò , Aaron A. Dutton