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Large language models (LLMs) are proliferating rapidly at the edge, delivering intelligent capabilities across diverse application scenarios. However, their practical deployment in collaborative scenarios confronts fundamental challenges:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xiumei Deng , Zehui Xiong , Binbin Chen , Dong In Kim , Merouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor

Federated learning has emerged as a privacy-preserving machine learning approach where multiple parties can train a single model without sharing their raw training data. Federated learning typically requires the utilization of multi-party…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Runhua Xu , Nathalie Baracaldo , Yi Zhou , Ali Anwar , Swanand Kadhe , Heiko Ludwig

Scaling Federated Learning (FL) to billion-parameter models forces a challenging trade-off between privacy, scalability, and model utility. Existing solutions often tackle these challenges in isolation, sacrificing accuracy, relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dario Fenoglio , Pasquale Polverino , Jacopo Quizi , Martin Gjoreski , Akash Dhasade , Marc Langheinrich

Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) promises to revolutionize distributed machine learning by combining the computational power of quantum devices with collaborative model training. Yet, privacy of both data and models remains a critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Dev Gurung , Shiva Raj Pokhrel

The widespread deployment of products powered by machine learning models is raising concerns around data privacy and information security worldwide. To address this issue, Federated Learning was first proposed as a privacy-preserving…

Federated learning (FL) is a system in which a central aggregator coordinates the efforts of multiple clients to solve machine learning problems. This setting allows training data to be dispersed in order to protect privacy. The purpose of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Subrato Bharati , M. Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal , Prajoy Podder , V. B. Surya Prasath

With the advancement of edge computing, federated learning (FL) displays a bright promise as a privacy-preserving collaborative learning paradigm. However, one major challenge for FL is the data heterogeneity issue, which refers to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Huan Wang , Haoran Li , Huaming Chen , Jun Yan , Lijuan Wang , Jiahua Shi , Shiping Chen , Jun Shen

Federated learning (FL) provides a privacy-preserving solution for fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) using distributed private datasets, enabling task-specific adaptation while preserving data privacy. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Na Yan , Yang Su , Yansha Deng , Robert Schober

Federated learning (FL) is a technique that trains machine learning models from decentralized data sources. We study FL under local notions of privacy constraints, which provides strong protection against sensitive data disclosures via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Yan Feng , Tao Xiong , Ruofan Wu , LingJuan Lv , Leilei Shi

Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) relies on collective data knowledge to build customized models. However, non-IID data between clients poses significant challenges, as collaborating with clients who have diverse data distributions can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Zihan Chen , Jundong Li , Cong Shen

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across organizations without sharing raw data, addressing crucial privacy concerns in healthcare natural language processing (NLP). However, training large language models (LLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Lihong Zhang , Yue Li

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a prominent privacy-preserving technique for enabling use cases like confidential clinical machine learning. FL operates by aggregating models trained by remote devices which owns the data. Thus, FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Michael Duchesne , Kaiwen Zhang , Chamseddine Talhi

Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Karl Moritz Hermann , Tomáš Kočiský , Edward Grefenstette , Lasse Espeholt , Will Kay , Mustafa Suleyman , Phil Blunsom

Federated Learning (FL) allows multiple participating clients to train machine learning models collaboratively by keeping their datasets local and only exchanging model updates. Existing FL protocol designs have been shown to be vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Xiaolan Gu , Ming Li , Li Xiong

Prompt injection attacks are an emerging threat to large language models (LLMs), enabling malicious users to manipulate outputs through carefully designed inputs. Existing detection approaches often require centralizing prompt data,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hasini Jayathilaka

In today's world, the rapid expansion of IoT networks and the proliferation of smart devices in our daily lives, have resulted in the generation of substantial amounts of heterogeneous data. These data forms a stream which requires special…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Sofia Zahri , Hajar Bennouri , Ahmed M. Abdelmoniem

Private data, being larger and quality-higher than public data, can greatly improve large language models (LLM). However, due to privacy concerns, this data is often dispersed in multiple silos, making its secure utilization for LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 JiaYing Zheng , HaiNan Zhang , LingXiang Wang , WangJie Qiu , HongWei Zheng , ZhiMing Zheng

Federated learning (FL) is a promising approach to enabling collaborative model training without centralized data sharing, a crucial requirement in scientific domains where data privacy, ownership, and compliance constraints are critical.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Zilinghan Li , Aditya Sinha , Yijiang Li , Kyle Chard , Kibaek Kim , Ravi Madduri

In recent years, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising technique for training machine learning models in a decentralized manner while also preserving data privacy. The non-independent and identically distributed (non-i.i.d.)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yousef Alsenani , Rahul Mishra , Khaled R. Ahmed , Atta Ur Rahman

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving paradigm, allowing edge devices to learn collaboratively without sharing data. Edge devices like Alexa and Siri are prospective sources of unlabeled audio data that can be tapped to learn…