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Planning under resource constraints is central to real-world decision making, yet most large language model (LLM) planners assume uniform action costs. We systematically analyze whether tree-search LLM planners are cost-aware and whether…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zihao Zhang , Hui Wei , Kenan Jiang , Shijia Pan , Shu Kai , Fei Liu

Decision trees are machine learning models commonly used in various application scenarios. In the era of big data, traditional decision tree induction algorithms are not suitable for learning large-scale datasets due to their stringent data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Zhe Lin , Sharad Sinha , Wei Zhang

The potential lack of fairness in the outputs of machine learning algorithms has recently gained attention both within the research community as well as in society more broadly. Surprisingly, there is no prior work developing tree-induction…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-25 Edward Raff , Jared Sylvester , Steven Mills

Many production-grade algorithms benefit from combining an asymptotically efficient algorithm for solving big problem instances, by splitting them into smaller ones, and an asymptotically inefficient algorithm with a very small…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Margarita Markina , Maxim Buzdalov

Index is an important component in database systems. Learned indexes have been shown to outperform traditional tree-based index structures for fixed-sized integer or floating point keys. However, the application of the learned solution to…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yifan Yang , Shimin Chen

Hardware and OS mechanisms for memory tiering are widely deployed, yet datacenters still overprovision DRAM. The root cause is hotness fragmentation: allocators place objects by size rather than access pattern, so hot and cold objects…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vinay Banakar , Suli Yang , Kan Wu , Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau , Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau , Kimberly Keeton

Augmented B-trees (aB-trees) are a broad class of data structures. The seminal work "succincter" by Patrascu showed that any aB-tree can be stored using only two bits of redundancy, while supporting queries to the tree in time proportional…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Tianxiao Li , Jingxun Liang , Huacheng Yu , Renfei Zhou

Several B+-tree variants have been developed to exploit the performance potential of byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM). In this paper, we attentively investigate the properties of B+-tree and find that, a conventional B+-tree node…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Chundong Wang , Gunavaran Brihadiswarn , Xingbin Jiang , Sudipta Chattopadhyay

While Transformers have achieved remarkable success in LLMs through superior scalability, their application in industrial-scale ranking models remains nascent, hindered by the challenges of high feature sparsity and low label density. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chunqi Wang , Bingchao Wu , Taotian Pang , Jiahao Wang , Jie Yang , Jia Liu , Hao Zhang , Hai Zhu , Lei Shen , Shizhun Wang , Bing Wang , Xiaoyi Zeng

In this paper, we investigate adaptive nonlinear regression and introduce tree based piecewise linear regression algorithms that are highly efficient and provide significantly improved performance with guaranteed upper bounds in an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-12-30 N. Denizcan Vanli , Suleyman S. Kozat

Classical problems of sorting and searching assume an underlying linear ordering of the objects being compared. In this paper, we study a more general setting, in which some pairs of objects are incomparable. This generalization is relevant…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-07-12 Constantinos Daskalakis , Richard M. Karp , Elchanan Mossel , Samantha Riesenfeld , Elad Verbin

The issue of internal fragmentation in data structures is a fundamental challenge in database design. A seminal result of Yao in this field shows that evenly splitting the leaves of a B-tree against a workload of uniformly random insertions…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Michael A. Bender , Aaron Bernstein , Nairen Cao , Alex Conway , Martín Farach-Colton , Hanna Komlós , Yarin Shechter , Nicole Wein

We present an optimal partially-persistent external-memory search tree with amortized I/O bounds matching those achieved by the non-persistent $B^{\varepsilon}$-tree by Brodal and Fagerberg [SODA 2003]. In a partially-persistent data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Gerth Stølting Brodal , Casper Moldrup Rysgaard , Rolf Svenning

With the rising quantity of textual data available in electronic format, the need to organize it become a highly challenging task. In the present paper, we explore a document organization framework that exploits an intelligent hierarchical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-04-02 Rajendra Kumar Roul , Shubham Rohan Asthana , Sanjay Kumar Sahay

The Binary Space Partitioning-Tree~(BSP-Tree) process was recently proposed as an efficient strategy for space partitioning tasks. Because it uses more than one dimension to partition the space, the BSP-Tree Process is more efficient and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Xuhui Fan , Bin Li , Scott A. Sisson

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into closed-loop robotic task planning has become increasingly popular within embodied artificial intelligence. Previous efforts mainly focused on leveraging the strong reasoning abilities of LLMs to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Chaoyuan Zhang , Zhaowei Li , Wentao Yuan

Recent work on "learned indexes" has changed the way we look at the decades-old field of DBMS indexing. The key idea is that indexes can be thought of as "models" that predict the position of a key in a dataset. Indexes can, thus, be…

Binning is applied to categorize data values or to see distributions of data. Existing binning algorithms often rely on statistical properties of data. However, there are semantic considerations for selecting appropriate binning schemes.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Vidya Setlur , Michael Correll , Sarah Battersby

Decision trees are one of the most popular methods for solving classification problems, mainly because of their good interpretability properties. Moreover, due to advances in recent years in mixed-integer optimization, several models have…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Jan Pablo Burgard , Maria Eduarda Pinheiro , Martin Schmidt

A system is presented that segments, clusters and predicts musical audio in an unsupervised manner, adjusting the number of (timbre) clusters instantaneously to the audio input. A sequence learning algorithm adapts its structure to a…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Ricard Marxer , Hendrik Purwins