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Despite Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have reduced the information asymmetry and increased the degree of interorganizational collaboration, the companies participating a supply chain are less inclined to share data when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Francesco Longo , Letizia Nicoletti , Antonio Padovano , Gianfranco d'Atri , Marco Forte

The emergence of more and more blockchain solutions with innovative approaches to optimising performance, scalability, privacy and governance complicates performance analysis. Reasons for the difficulty of benchmarking blockchains include,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Frank Christian Geyer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen , Ruben Mayer , Peter Mandl

In the light of the recent fame of Blockchain technologies, numerous proposals and projects aiming at better practical viability have emerged. However, formally assessing their particularities and benefits has proven to be a difficult task.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Antoine Durand , Elyes Ben-Hamida , David Leporini , Gérard Memmi

Due to their interesting features, blockchains have become popular in recent years. They are full-stack systems where security is a critical factor for their success. The main focus of this work is to systematize knowledge about security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Ivan Homoliak , Sarad Venugopalan , Qingze Hum , Pawel Szalachowski

Blockchain is widely applied in logistics, finance, and agriculture. As single blockchain users grow, scalability becomes crucial. However, existing works lack a comprehensive summary of blockchain scalability. They focus on single chains…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Baochao Chen , Liyuan Ma , Hao Xu , Juncheng Ma , Dengcheng Hu , Xiulong Liu , Jie Wu , Jianrong Wang , Keqiu Li

We present a strategy for a single quantum miner with relatively low hashing power, with the same ramifications as a 51% attack. Bitcoin nodes consider the chain with the highest cumulative proof-of-work to be the valid chain. A quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Bolton Bailey , Or Sattath

Today, permissioned blockchains are being adopted by large organizations for business critical operations. Consequently, they are subject to attacks by malicious actors. Researchers have discovered and enumerated a number of attacks that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Benedikt Putz , Fabian Böhm , Günther Pernul

Blockchain's evolution during the past decade is astonishing: from bitcoin to over 2.000 altcoins, and from decentralised electronic payments to transactions programmable by smart contracts and complex tokens governed by decentralised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Eugenia Politou , Fran Casino , Efthimios Alepis , Constantinos Patsakis

The development of blockchain technology has significantly enhanced the security and transparency of personal information and transaction records. Concurrent with the advancement of blockchain technology and the emergence of the digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zeng Zhang , Xiaoqi Li

Smart contracts are stateful programs deployed on blockchains; they secure over a trillion dollars in transaction value per year. High-stakes smart contracts often rely on timely alerts about external events, but prior work has not analyzed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Marwa Mouallem , Lorenz Breidenbach , Ittay Eyal , Ari Juels

A Unitychain is a novel blockchain-like structure that drastically improves transaction scalability and security while maintaining ongoing network performance, even if participating nodes are required to perform a new Distributed Key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Joshua D. Tobkin

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative paradigm for decentralized and secure data management across diverse application domains, including healthcare, supply chain management, and the Internet of Things. Its core features,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Hojer Key

The use of the term blockchain is documented for disparate projects, from cryptocurrencies to applications for the Internet of Things (IoT), and many more. The concept of blockchain appears therefore blurred, as it is hard to believe that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Lorenzo Ghiro , Francesco Restuccia , Salvatore D'Oro , Stefano Basagni , Tommaso Melodia , Leonardo Maccari , Renato Lo Cigno

Decentralization is a fundamental design element of the Web3 economy. Blockchains and distributed consensus mechanisms are touted as fault-tolerant, attack-resistant, and collusion-proof because they are decentralized. Recent analyses,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Harang Ju , Madhav Kumar , Ehsan Valavi , Sinan Aral

The first obstacle that regular users encounter when setting up a node for a public blockchain is the time taken for downloading all the data needed for the node to start operating correctly. In fact, this may last from hours to weeks for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Matteo Bernardini , Diego Pennino , Maurizio Pizzonia

Natural forking in blockchain refers to a phenomenon that there are a set of blocks at one block height at the same time, implying that various nodes have different perspectives of the main chain. Natural forking might give rise to multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Hongwei Shi , Shengling Wang , Qin Hu , Xiuzhen Cheng

Blockchain technology has rapidly emerged to mainstream attention, while its publicly accessible, heterogeneous, massive-volume, and temporal data are reminiscent of the complex dynamics encountered during the last decade of big data.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Poupak Azad , Cuneyt Gurcan Akcora , Arijit Khan

Blockchain technology relies on decentralization to resist faults and attacks while operating without trusted intermediaries. Although industry experts have touted decentralization as central to their promise and disruptive potential, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Harang Ju , Ehsan Valavi , Madhav Kumar , Sinan Aral

In many blockchains, e.g., Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain (BSC), the primary representation used for wallet addresses is a hardly memorable 40-digit hexadecimal string. As a result, users often select addresses from their recent transaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Taro Tsuchiya , Jin-Dong Dong , Kyle Soska , Nicolas Christin

Recent advances in blockchain have led to a significant interest in developing blockchain-based applications. While data can be retained in blockchains, the stored values can be deleted or updated. From a user viewpoint that searches for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Sungho Lee , Minsu Kim , Jemin Lee , Ruei-Hau Hsu , Tony Q. S. Quek