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We are interested in enabling autonomous agents to learn and reason about systems with hidden states, such as locking mechanisms. We cast this problem as learning the parameters of a discrete Partially Observable Markov Decision Process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Seiji Shaw , Travis Manderson , Chad Kessens , Nicholas Roy

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are widely used in probabilistic planning problems in which an agent interacts with an environment using noisy and imprecise sensors. We study a setting in which the sensors are only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Martin Chmelik , Ufuk Topcu

Planning under uncertainty is critical to robotics. The Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) is a mathematical framework for such planning problems. It is powerful due to its careful quantification of the non-deterministic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Hanna Kurniawati

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) can model complex sequential decision-making problems under stochastic and uncertain environments. A main reason hindering their broad adoption in real-world applications is the lack…

In this paper, we study representation learning in partially observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), where the agent learns a decoder function that maps a series of high-dimensional raw observations to a compact representation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jiacheng Guo , Zihao Li , Huazheng Wang , Mengdi Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Xuezhou Zhang

We consider the reinforcement learning problem for partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs) with large or even countably infinite state spaces, where the controller has access to only noisy observations of the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Semih Cayci , Niao He , R. Srikant

We study strategy synthesis for partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). The particular problem is to determine strategies that provably adhere to (probabilistic) temporal logic constraints. This problem is computationally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Steven Carr , Nils Jansen , Ralf Wimmer , Alexandru C. Serban , Bernd Becker , Ufuk Topcu

Reinforcement learning would enjoy better success on real-world problems if domain knowledge could be imparted to the algorithm by the modelers. Most problems have both hidden state and unknown dynamics. Partially observable Markov decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-07 Christian R. Shelton

This work studies the problem of batch off-policy evaluation for Reinforcement Learning in partially observable environments. Off-policy evaluation under partial observability is inherently prone to bias, with risk of arbitrarily large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Guy Tennenholtz , Shie Mannor , Uri Shalit

In this review/tutorial article, we present recent progress on optimal control of partially observed Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs). We first present regularity and continuity conditions for POMDPs and their belief-MDP reductions, where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Ali Devran Kara , Serdar Yuksel

We consider a partially observable Markov decision problem (POMDP) that models a class of sequencing problems. Although POMDPs are typically intractable, our formulation admits tractable solution. Instead of maintaining a value function…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Paat Rusmevichientong , Benjamin van Roy

This paper introduces algorithms for problems where a decision maker has to control a system composed of several components and has access to only partial information on the state of each component. Such problems are difficult because of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-25 Victor Cohen , Axel Parmentier

This work pioneers regret analysis of risk-sensitive reinforcement learning in partially observable environments with hindsight observation, addressing a gap in theoretical exploration. We introduce a novel formulation that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Tonghe Zhang , Yu Chen , Longbo Huang

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are a fundamental framework for decision-making under uncertainty and partial observability. Since in general optimal policies may require infinite memory, they are hard to implement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Muqsit Azeem , Debraj Chakraborty , Sudeep Kanav , Jan Kretinsky

This paper addresses the problem of training a reinforcement learning (RL) policy under partial observability by exploiting a privileged, anytime-feasible planner agent available exclusively during training. We formalize this as a Partially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mohsen Amiri , Mohsen Amiri , Ali Beikmohammadi , Sindri Magnuśson , Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

Reinforcement learning in partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs) faces two challenges. (i) It often takes the full history to predict the future, which induces a sample complexity that scales exponentially with the horizon.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Lingxiao Wang , Qi Cai , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang

The partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) provides a principled general model for planning under uncertainty. However, solving a general POMDP is computationally intractable in the worst case. This paper introduces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-24 Min Chen , Emilio Frazzoli , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

General-purpose, intelligent, learning agents cycle through sequences of observations, actions, and rewards that are complex, uncertain, unknown, and non-Markovian. On the other hand, reinforcement learning is well-developed for small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-12-30 Marcus Hutter

Reinforcement Learning faces an important challenge in partial observable environments that has long-term dependencies. In order to learn in an ambiguous environment, an agent has to keep previous perceptions in a memory. Earlier memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Alper Demir

This paper proposes a reinforcement learning method for controller synthesis of autonomous systems in unknown and partially-observable environments with subjective time-dependent safety constraints. Mathematically, we model the system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yu Wang , Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Miroslav Pajic