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Understanding how treatment effects vary across patient characteristics is essential for personalized medicine, yet randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often underpowered to detect heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs). We propose a…
Medical image segmentation is critical for clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring, yet segmentation models often struggle with uncertainties stemming from occlusions, ambiguous boundaries, and variations in imaging devices.…
Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, performed fractionally (e.g., daily or weekly), are widely utilized for patient alignment in the image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) process, thereby making it a potential imaging…
The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation Meningioma Radiotherapy (BraTS-MEN-RT) challenge aimed to advance automated segmentation algorithms using the largest known multi-institutional dataset of 750 radiotherapy planning brain MRIs with…
In X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), projections from many angles are acquired and used for 3D reconstruction. To make CT suitable for in-line quality control, reducing the number of angles while maintaining reconstruction quality is…
The main challenge in domain generalization (DG) is to handle the distribution shift problem that lies between the training and test data. Recent studies suggest that test-time training (TTT), which adapts the learned model with test data,…
Image-guided adaptive lung radiotherapy requires accurate tumor and organs segmentation from during treatment cone-beam CT (CBCT) images. Thoracic CBCTs are hard to segment because of low soft-tissue contrast, imaging artifacts, respiratory…
Artificial intelligence-based radiation therapy (RT) planning has the potential to reduce planning time and inter-planner variability, improving efficiency and consistency in clinical workflows. Most existing automated approaches rely on…
Low Dose Computed Tomography suffers from a high amount of noise and/or undersampling artefacts in the reconstructed image. In the current article, a Deep Learning technique is exploited as a regularization term for the iterative…
Purpose: To evaluate various Segmental Anything Model (SAM) prompt strategies across four lesions datasets and to subsequently develop a reinforcement learning (RL) agent to optimize SAM prompt placement. Materials and Methods: This…
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) can be a precise, minimally invasive treatment method for liver cancer and liver metastases. However, the effectiveness of SBRT relies on the accurate delivery of the dose to the tumor while…
Deep learning algorithms have accounted for the rapid acceleration of research in artificial intelligence in medical image analysis, interpretation, and segmentation with many potential applications across various sub disciplines in…
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, and early diagnosis is crucial for patient survival. Deep learning algorithms have great potential for automatic cancer analysis. Artificial intelligence has achieved high performance…
In traditional dose-finding studies, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) is determined within a fixed time observation window where DLT is often defined as a binary outcome. In the setting of oncology dose-finding trials, often patients in…
Background: Daily or weekly cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans are commonly used for accurate patient positioning during the image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) process, making it an ideal option for adaptive radiotherapy (ART)…
Purpose: This study explores the feasibility of dose-escalated proton beam therapy (dPBT) for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (LAPC) patients by modeling common patient scenarios using current clinically-adopted practices. Methods: Five…
Stiff dynamical systems present a challenge for machine-learning reduced-order models (ML-ROMs), as explicit time integration becomes unstable in stiff regimes while implicit integration within learning loops is computationally expensive…
Accurate segmentation for medical images is important for clinical diagnosis. Existing automatic segmentation methods are mainly based on fully supervised learning and have an extremely high demand for precise annotations, which are very…
Radiotherapy is one of the primary treatment methods for tumors, but the organ movement caused by respiration limits its accuracy. Recently, 3D imaging from a single X-ray projection has received extensive attention as a promising approach…
The objective of this study was to develop a PET tumor-segmentation framework that addresses the challenges of limited spatial resolution, high image noise, and lack of clinical training data with ground-truth tumor boundaries in PET…