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Non Fungible Token (NFT) Industry has been witnessing multi-million dollar trade in recent times. With rapid innovation of the NFT market environment by technology, innovation, and decentralization, it is becoming hard to distinguish…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-01-19 Mayukh Mukhopadhyay , Kaushik Ghosh

The Non-Fungible Token (NFT) market is mushrooming in recent years. The concept of NFT originally comes from a token standard of Ethereum, aiming to distinguish each token with distinguishable signs. This type of token can be bound with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Qin Wang , Rujia Li , Qi Wang , Shiping Chen

The rapid growth in popularity and hype surrounding digital assets such as art, video, and music in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has made them a lucrative investment opportunity, with NFT-based sales surpassing $25B in 2021 alone.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Sayak Saha Roy , Dipanjan Das , Priyanka Bose , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna , Shirin Nilizadeh

As Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) continue to grow in popularity, NFT users have become targets of phishing attacks by cybercriminals, called \textit{NFT drainers}. Over the last year, \$100 million worth of NFTs were stolen by drainers, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Hanna Kim , Jian Cui , Eugene Jang , Chanhee Lee , Yongjae Lee , Jin-Woo Chung , Seungwon Shin

We quantify Non Fungible Token (NFT) rarity and investigate how it impacts market behaviour by analysing a dataset of 3.7M transactions collected between January 2018 and June 2022, involving 1.4M NFTs distributed across 410 collections.…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-24 Amin Mekacher , Alberto Bracci , Matthieu Nadini , Mauro Martino , Laura Alessandretti , Luca Maria Aiello , Andrea Baronchelli

Many classical blockchains are known to have an embarrassingly low transaction throughput, down to Bitcoin's notorious seven transactions per second limit.Various proposals and implementations for increasing throughput emerged in the first…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Lioba Heimbach , Quentin Kniep , Yann Vonlanthen , Roger Wattenhofer

A non-fungible token (NFT) market is a new trading invention based on the blockchain technology which parallels the cryptocurrency market. In the present work we study capitalization, floor price, the number of transactions, the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-17 Paweł Szydło , Marcin Wątorek , Jarosław Kwapień , Stanisław Drożdż

The NFT ecosystem represents an interconnected, decentralized environment that encompasses the creation, distribution, and trading of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), where key actors, such as marketplaces, sellers, and buyers, utilize smart…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yujing Chen , Xuanming Liu , Zhiyuan Wan , Zuobin Wang , David Lo , Difan Xie , Xiaohu Yang

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as a decentralized proof of ownership represent one of the main reasons why Ethereum is a disruptive technology. This paper presents the first systematic study of the interactions occurring in a number of NFT…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-10-26 S. Casale-Brunet , P. Ribeca , P. Doyle , M. Mattavelli

NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) have experienced an explosive growth and their record-breaking prices have been witnessed. Typically, the assets that NFTs represent are stored off-chain with a pointer, e.g., multi-hop URLs, due to the costly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Ziwei Wang , Jiashi Gao , Xuetao Wei

As cryptocurrency evolved, new financial instruments, such as lending and borrowing protocols, currency exchanges, fungible and non-fungible tokens (NFT), staking and mining protocols have emerged. A financial ecosystem built on top of a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-10-12 Priyanka Bose , Dipanjan Das , Fabio Gritti , Nicola Ruaro , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

Do online narratives leave a measurable imprint on prices in markets for digital or cultural goods? This paper evaluates how community attention and sentiment relate to valuation in major Ethereum NFT collections after accounting for time…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-03 Samiha Tariq

The explosive growth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on Web3 has created a new frontier for digital art and collectibles, but also an emerging space for fraudulent activities. This study provides an in-depth analysis of NFT rug pulls, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Trishie Sharma , Rachit Agarwal , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

The non-fungible token (NFT) market emerges as a recent trading innovation leveraging blockchain technology, mirroring the dynamics of the cryptocurrency market. The current study is based on the capitalization changes and transaction…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-09 Marcin Wątorek , Paweł Szydło , Jarosław Kwapień , Stanisław Drożdż

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) drive the prosperity of the Web3 ecosystem. By November 2023, the total market value of NFT projects reached approximately 16 billion USD. Accompanying the success of NFTs are various security issues, i.e.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Kai Ma , Jintao Huang , Ningyu He , Zhuo Wang , Haoyu Wang

Non-fungible tokens (NFT) have recently emerged as a novel blockchain hosted financial asset class that has attracted major transaction volumes. Investment decisions rely on data and adequate preprocessing and application of analytics to…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-02-23 Jason B. Cho , Sven Serneels , David S. Matteson

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), digital certificates of ownership for virtual art, have until recently been traded on a highly lucrative and speculative market. Yet, an emergence of misconceptions, along with a sustained market downtime, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Sarah Barrington , Nick Merrill

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are a new development in blockchain technology. News around NFTs is surrounded by skepticism because unrealistically high prices are being paid online for these NFTs which are in the form of apparently simple…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Najam A. Anjum , Mubashir Husain Rehmani

As a blockchain-based application, Non-Fungible Token (NFT) has received worldwide attention over the past few years. Digital artwork is the main form of NFT that can be stored on different blockchains. Although the NFT market is rapidly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Yufan Zhang , Zichao Chen , Luyao Zhang , Xin Tong

Non-fungible token (NFT) is a tradable unit of data stored on the blockchain which can be associated with some digital asset as a certification of ownership. The past several years have witnessed the exponential growth of the NFT market. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shuwei Li , Yucheng Jin , Pin-Lun Hsu , Ya-Sin Luo