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Deep models are designed to operate on huge volumes of high dimensional data such as images. In order to reduce the volume of data these models must process, we propose a set-based two-stage end-to-end neural subsampling model that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Bruno Andreis , Seanie Lee , A. Tuan Nguyen , Juho Lee , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

We consider stochastic unconstrained bilevel optimization problems when only the first-order gradient oracles are available. While numerous optimization methods have been proposed for tackling bilevel problems, existing methods either tend…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Jeongyeol Kwon , Dohyun Kwon , Stephen Wright , Robert Nowak

Bilevel optimization has become a powerful framework in various machine learning applications including meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and network architecture search. There are generally two classes of bilevel optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Kaiyi Ji

For many tasks of data analysis, we may only have the information of the explanatory variable and the evaluation of the response values are quite expensive. While it is impractical or too costly to obtain the responses of all units, a…

Computation · Statistics 2023-04-07 Wei Zheng , Ting Tian , Xueqin Wang

Although application examples of multilevel optimization have already been discussed since the 1990s, the development of solution methods was almost limited to bilevel cases due to the difficulty of the problem. In recent years, in machine…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Ryo Sato , Mirai Tanaka , Akiko Takeda

Data abundance across different domains exhibits a long-tailed distribution: few domains have abundant data, while most face data scarcity. Our work focuses on a multilingual setting, where available data is heavily skewed towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Tianjian Li , Haoran Xu , Weiting Tan , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi

One fundamental problem when solving inverse problems is how to find regularization parameters. This article considers solving this problem using data-driven bilevel optimization, i.e. we consider the adaptive learning of the regularization…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-08 Neil K. Chada , Claudia Schillings , Xin T. Tong , Simon Weissmann

In this paper, we investigate the problem of stochastic multi-level compositional optimization, where the objective function is a composition of multiple smooth but possibly non-convex functions. Existing methods for solving this problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Wei Jiang , Bokun Wang , Yibo Wang , Lijun Zhang , Tianbao Yang

Two-level stochastic optimization formulations have become instrumental in a number of machine learning contexts such as continual learning, neural architecture search, adversarial learning, and hyperparameter tuning. Practical stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Tommaso Giovannelli , Griffin Dean Kent , Luis Nunes Vicente

This paper studies a class of simple bilevel optimization problems where we minimize a composite convex function at the upper-level subject to a composite convex lower-level problem. Existing methods either provide asymptotic guarantees for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Jiulin Wang , Xu Shi , Rujun Jiang

Bilevel optimization has been widely used in many machine learning applications such as hyperparameter optimization and meta learning. Recently, many simple stochastic gradient descent(SGD) type algorithms(without using momentum and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Haimei Huo , Risheng Liu , Zhixun Su

Many large-scale constrained optimization problems can be formulated as bilevel distributed optimization tasks over undirected networks, where agents collaborate to minimize a global cost function while adhering to constraints, relying only…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Ajay Tak , Mayank Baranwal

We investigate the complexity of bilevel combinatorial optimization with uncertainty in the follower's objective, in a robust optimization approach. We show that the robust counterpart of the bilevel problem under interval uncertainty can…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Christoph Buchheim , Dorothee Henke , Felix Hommelsheim

Strongly motivated from use in various fields including machine learning, the methodology of sparse optimization has been developed intensively so far. Especially, the recent advance of algorithms for solving problems with nonsmooth…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-21 Jan Harold Alcantara , Chieu Thanh Nguyen , Takayuki Okuno , Akiko Takeda , Jein-Shan Chen

In this paper, we propose a procedure for designing controlled test problems for single-objective bilevel optimization. The construction procedure is flexible and allows its user to control the different complexities that are to be included…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Ankur Sinha , Pekka Malo , Kalyanmoy Deb

Bi-level optimization, especially the gradient-based category, has been widely used in the deep learning community including hyperparameter optimization and meta-knowledge extraction. Bi-level optimization embeds one problem within another…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Can Chen , Xi Chen , Chen Ma , Zixuan Liu , Xue Liu

In this paper, an inexact proximal-point penalty method is studied for constrained optimization problems, where the objective function is non-convex, and the constraint functions can also be non-convex. The proposed method approximately…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-02 Qihang Lin , Runchao Ma , Yangyang Xu

Bilevel optimization provides a powerful framework for modelling hierarchical decision-making systems. This work presents a sensitivity-based algorithm that addresses the bilevel structure directly by treating the lower-level optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Eduardo Nolasco , Ross D. King , Vassilios S. Vassiliadis

We consider the standard optimistic bilevel optimization problem, in particular upper- and lower-level constraints can be coupled. By means of the lower-level value function, the problem is transformed into a single-level optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Andreas Fischer , Alain B. Zemkoho , Shenglong Zhou

Bilevel linear programming (LP) is one of the simplest classes of bilevel optimization problems, yet it is known to be NP-hard in general. Specifically, determining whether the optimal objective value of a bilevel LP is at least as good as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Nagisa Sugishita , Margarida Carvalho